State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 23;15(7):1564. doi: 10.3390/nu15071564.
Wheat allergy is a primary disease of food allergy, and its global prevalence is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the latest worldwide prevalence of wheat allergy based on five different diagnostic methods. Study searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Ovid LWW, and Cochrane database, with a time limit of 1 January 2007 to 1 September 2022. The review and screening of the articles was undertaken by two independent reviewers. The statistical analysis was conducted by R. A total of 56 articles were finally included. The prevalence of wheat allergy was 0.63% (95% CI: 0.43-0.87%) for self-reported, 0.70% (95% CI: 0.18-1.22%) for self-reported physician-diagnosed, 0.22% (95%CI: 0.07-0.65%) for skin prick test positive, 0.97% (95% CI: 0.43-2.20%) for specific immunoglobulin E positive, and 0.04% (95% CI: 0-0.16%) for food challenge. However, food challenge can be largely subjective, and the results were only based two countries, so the prevalence of wheat allergy confirmed by food challenge may be not entirely trustworthy. In conclusion, investigating the prevalence of wheat allergy in the real world as accurately as possible will contribute to the prevention, management, and risk assessment of wheat allergy.
小麦过敏是食物过敏的主要疾病，其全球流行率尚不清楚。本研究旨在根据五种不同的诊断方法，描述小麦过敏的最新全球流行率。研究检索在 Web of Science、PubMed、Ovid LWW 和 Cochrane 数据库中进行，时间限制为 2007 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 9 月 1 日。文章的审查和筛选由两名独立的审查员进行。统计分析由 R 进行。最终共纳入 56 篇文章。自我报告的小麦过敏患病率为 0.63%（95%CI：0.43-0.87%），自我报告的医生诊断的小麦过敏患病率为 0.70%（95%CI：0.18-1.22%），皮试阳性的小麦过敏患病率为 0.22%（95%CI：0.07-0.65%），特异性免疫球蛋白 E 阳性的小麦过敏患病率为 0.97%（95%CI：0.43-2.20%），食物激发试验的小麦过敏患病率为 0.04%（95%CI：0-0.16%）。然而，食物激发试验可能存在较大的主观性，并且结果仅基于两个国家，因此食物激发试验证实的小麦过敏患病率可能并不完全可信。总之，尽可能准确地调查真实世界中小麦过敏的流行率将有助于预防、管理和评估小麦过敏的风险。
