“这颇具挑战性……哦，没人喜欢这样！”：一项探索莫桑比克青少年和青年避孕经历的定性研究。
"It is challenging… oh, nobody likes it!": a qualitative study exploring Mozambican adolescents and young adults' experiences with contraception.
作者信息
Capurchande Rehana, Coene Gily, Schockaert Ingrid, Macia Manuel, Meulemans Herman
机构信息
Department of Sociology, Eduardo Mondlane University- Maputo, Campus Universitário Principal. CP 257, Maputo, Mozambique.
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels), Centre for Research in Gender and Diversity, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Economic and Social Science, and Solvay Business School, Free University of Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
出版信息
BMC Womens Health. 2016 Jul 30;16:48. doi: 10.1186/s12905-016-0326-2.
BACKGROUND
By focusing upon formal sex education programmes, the Mozambican government has significantly enhanced the general health of adolescents and young adults. However, when it comes to contraception, little is known about how adolescents and young adults actually behave.
METHODS
Based upon a qualitative study in two settings in Maputo province - Ndlavela and Boane - this paper explores the knowledge and practices of contraception among adolescents and young adults. A total of four focus group discussions, 16 in-depth interviews, four informal conversations, and observations were equally divided between both study sites.
RESULTS
Discrepancies between what adolescents and young adults know and what they do quickly became evident. Ambivalent and contradictory practices concerning contraceptive use was the result. As well, young people had numerous interpretations of risk-taking when not using contraceptives. These inconsistencies are influenced by social and medical barriers such as restricted dialogue on sexuality among adolescents and young adults and their parents and peers. Additionally, ideas about indigenous contraceptives, notions of masculinity and femininity, misconceptions and fear of the side effects of contraceptives, make people of all ages wary of modern birth control. Other barriers include imposed contraceptive choice - meaning no choice, overly technical medical language used at clinics and the absence of healthcare workers more attuned to the needs of adolescents and young adults.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents and young adults have numerous - often erroneous - opinions about contraception, leading to inconsistent use as well as vague perceptions of risk-taking. Moreover, social norms and cultural gender roles often contradict and hinder risk-avoiding behaviour. Therefore, in order to improve young people's health, policymakers must address the reasons behind this ambivalence and inconsistency.
背景
通过专注于正规的性教育项目，莫桑比克政府显著提升了青少年和青年的总体健康水平。然而，在避孕方面，对于青少年和青年的实际行为却知之甚少。
方法
基于在马普托省的两个地区——恩德拉韦拉和博阿内——开展的一项定性研究，本文探讨了青少年和青年在避孕方面的知识和实践。两个研究地点平均分配了总共四次焦点小组讨论、16次深入访谈、四次非正式谈话以及观察活动。
结果
青少年和青年所知晓的与他们实际所做的之间的差异很快就显现出来了。这导致了在避孕措施使用上存在矛盾和相互抵触的做法。此外，年轻人对于不采取避孕措施时的冒险行为有多种解读。这些不一致受到社会和医学障碍的影响，比如青少年与青年及其父母和同龄人之间关于性的对话受限。此外，关于本土避孕方法的观念、男性气质和女性气质的概念、对避孕副作用的误解和恐惧，使得各个年龄段的人都对现代节育措施心存疑虑。其他障碍还包括强制的避孕选择——即没有选择余地、诊所使用过于专业的医学语言以及缺乏更能适应青少年和青年需求的医护人员。
结论
青少年和青年对于避孕有许多——往往是错误的——看法，导致使用方法不一致以及对冒险行为的认知模糊。此外，社会规范和文化性别角色常常相互矛盾并阻碍风险规避行为。因此，为了改善年轻人的健康状况，政策制定者必须解决这种矛盾心理和不一致背后的原因。
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