Bonnet Cédrick T, Baudry Stéphane
Cognitive Science and Affective Science Laboratory, Universities of Lille, CNRS, France.
Laboratory of Applied Biology and Neurophysiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Gait Posture. 2016 Jul;48:57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.04.016. Epub 2016 May 2.
In upright stance, individuals sway continuously and the sway pattern in dual tasks (e.g., a cognitive task performed in upright stance) differs significantly from that observed during the control quiet stance task. The cognitive approach has generated models (limited attentional resources, U-shaped nonlinear interaction) to explain such patterns based on competitive sharing of attentional resources. The objective of the current manuscript was to review these cognitive models in the specific context of visual tasks involving gaze shifts toward precise targets (here called active vision tasks). The selection excluded the effects of early and late stages of life or disease, external perturbations, active vision tasks requiring head and body motions and the combination of two tasks performed together (e.g., a visual task in addition to a computation in one's head). The selection included studies performed by healthy, young adults with control and active - difficult - vision tasks. Over 174 studies found in Pubmed and Mendeley databases, nine were selected. In these studies, young adults exhibited significantly lower amplitude of body displacement (center of pressure and/or body marker) under active vision tasks than under the control task. Furthermore, the more difficult the active vision tasks were, the better the postural control was. This underscores that postural control during active vision tasks may rely on synergistic relations between the postural and visual systems rather than on competitive or dual relations. In contrast, in the control task, there would not be any synergistic or competitive relations.
在直立姿势下，个体持续摇摆，并且在双重任务（例如，在直立姿势下执行的认知任务）中的摇摆模式与在对照安静站立任务期间观察到的模式有显著差异。认知方法已经产生了一些模型（有限的注意力资源、U形非线性相互作用）来基于注意力资源的竞争性共享来解释这种模式。本手稿的目的是在涉及向精确目标的注视转移的视觉任务（这里称为主动视觉任务）的特定背景下回顾这些认知模型。该筛选排除了生命早期或晚期、疾病、外部扰动、需要头部和身体运动的主动视觉任务以及一起执行的两项任务的组合（例如，除了在头脑中进行计算之外的视觉任务）的影响。筛选包括由健康的年轻成年人进行的对照和主动 - 困难 - 视觉任务的研究。在PubMed和Mendeley数据库中找到的174多项研究中，选择了9项。在这些研究中，年轻成年人在主动视觉任务下的身体位移幅度（压力中心和/或身体标记）明显低于对照任务。此外，主动视觉任务越困难，姿势控制越好。这强调了主动视觉任务期间的姿势控制可能依赖于姿势和视觉系统之间的协同关系，而不是竞争或双重关系。相比之下，在对照任务中，不会有任何协同或竞争关系。
