Jurat-Fuentes Juan Luis, Crickmore Neil
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA.
School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2017 Jan;142:5-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.018. Epub 2016 Jul 29.
Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used as active components of biopesticides and as plant incorporated protectants in transgenic crops. One of the most relevant attributes of these Bt protein-based insecticidal technologies is their high specificity, which assures lack of detrimental effects on non-target insects, vertebrates and the environment. The identification of specificity determinants in Bt insecticidal proteins could guide risk assessment for novel insecticidal proteins currently considered for commercialization. In this work we review the available data on specificity determinants of crystal (Cry) insecticidal proteins as the Bt toxins most well characterized and used in transgenic crops. The multi-step mode of action of the Cry insecticidal proteins allows various factors to potentially affect specificity determination and here we define seven levels that could influence specificity. The relative relevance of each of these determinants on efficacy of transgenic crops producing Cry insecticidal proteins is also discussed.
来自苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）的杀虫蛋白被用作生物农药的活性成分以及转基因作物中的植物内置保护剂。这些基于Bt蛋白的杀虫技术最相关的特性之一是其高度特异性，这确保了对非靶标昆虫、脊椎动物和环境没有有害影响。鉴定Bt杀虫蛋白中的特异性决定因素可以指导目前正在考虑商业化的新型杀虫蛋白的风险评估。在这项工作中，我们回顾了关于晶体（Cry）杀虫蛋白特异性决定因素的现有数据，Cry杀虫蛋白是在转基因作物中表征最充分且应用最广泛的Bt毒素。Cry杀虫蛋白的多步骤作用模式使得各种因素都可能影响特异性的确定，在此我们定义了七个可能影响特异性的水平。我们还讨论了这些决定因素中的每一个对产生Cry杀虫蛋白的转基因作物功效的相对相关性。
