Knighton Joi-Sheree', Stevens-Watkins Danelle, Oser Carrie, Fisher Sycarah, Mahaffey Carlos C, Crowell Candice, Leukefeld Carl
a University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2016 Oct 14;51(12):1610-1618. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1191510. Epub 2016 Aug 2.
African Americans represent 13% of the U.S. population but 46% of people living with HIV and nearly 40% of state and federal prisoners. Disproportionate rates of HIV among African American males involved in the criminal justice system have been associated with risk factors, including: contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), substance misuse, and inconsistent condom use. However, many African American males may not perceive an elevated risk of HIV upon re-entering the community.
The current study examines correlates of perceived HIV risk among incarcerated African American drug-using males about one year after release from prison.
Derived from a larger Health Services Utilization study, interviewing (N = 661) incarcerated men at baseline with a 92% follow-up rate approximately one year after community re-entry, the current study is a secondary data analyses from self-identified African American men (N = 250). After list-wise deletion, the total N = 221 for the final study results.
An ordered logistic regression model examining perceived risk of HIV as the dependent variable found age, cocaine use before sex, and condom use were significant correlates in the model. Alcohol use before sex mediated the relationship between cocaine use before sex and perceived HIV risk.
Results suggest men in this study are engaged in HIV risk behaviors and risk perception varies. Implications for individual-level, community-level and policy interventions are discussed.
非裔美国人占美国人口的13%，但却占艾滋病毒感染者的46%，以及州和联邦监狱囚犯的近40%。参与刑事司法系统的非裔美国男性中，艾滋病毒感染率过高与多种风险因素有关，包括：感染性传播感染（STIs）、药物滥用以及不坚持使用避孕套。然而，许多非裔美国男性在重新进入社区时可能并未意识到感染艾滋病毒的风险有所增加。
本研究调查了出狱约一年后被监禁的非裔美国吸毒男性中，感知到的艾滋病毒风险的相关因素。
本研究源自一项更大规模的卫生服务利用研究，该研究在基线时对被监禁男性（N = 661）进行了访谈，在社区重新进入约一年后随访率为92%，本研究是对自我认定的非裔美国男性（N = 250）进行的二次数据分析。经过逐一删除后，最终研究结果的总样本量N = 221。
以感知到的艾滋病毒风险作为因变量的有序逻辑回归模型发现，年龄、性行为前使用可卡因以及使用避孕套在该模型中是显著的相关因素。性行为前饮酒介导了性行为前使用可卡因与感知到的艾滋病毒风险之间的关系。
结果表明，本研究中的男性存在艾滋病毒风险行为，且风险认知存在差异。讨论了对个人层面、社区层面和政策干预的启示。
