Wung Shu-Fen
Biobehavioral Health Science Division, The University of Arizona College of Nursing, 1305 North Martin Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0203, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2016 Sep;28(3):297-308. doi: 10.1016/j.cnc.2016.04.003. Epub 2016 Jun 22.
Bradyarrhythmias are common clinical findings consisting of physiologic and pathologic conditions (sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular [AV] conduction disturbances). Bradyarrhythmias can be benign, requiring no treatment; however, acute unstable bradycardia can lead to cardiac arrest. In patients with confirmed or suspected bradycardia, a thorough history and physical examination should include possible causes of sinoatrial node dysfunction or AV block. Management of bradycardia is based on the severity of symptoms, the underlying causes, presence of potentially reversible causes, presence of adverse signs, and risk of progression to asystole. Pharmacologic therapy and/or pacing are used to manage unstable or symptomatic bradyarrhythmias.
缓慢性心律失常是常见的临床发现，包括生理性和病理性情况（窦房结功能障碍和房室传导障碍）。缓慢性心律失常可能是良性的，无需治疗；然而，急性不稳定型心动过缓可导致心脏骤停。对于确诊或疑似心动过缓的患者，全面的病史和体格检查应包括窦房结功能障碍或房室传导阻滞的可能病因。心动过缓的治疗基于症状的严重程度、潜在病因、是否存在可能可逆的病因、是否存在不良体征以及进展为心搏停止的风险。药物治疗和/或起搏用于治疗不稳定型或有症状的缓慢性心律失常。
