Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Eur Urol. 2017 Feb;71(2):162-165. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.07.031. Epub 2016 Aug 4.
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a large familial component, but understanding of its genetic basis is fragmentary. Breast cancers may be associated with PCa, but whether this is true for other tumor types is poorly established. We used a novel approach to study familial associations of any type of cancer with PCa. We assessed the relative risk (RR) for all types of tumors as a function of the number of first-degree relatives diagnosed with PCa. We hypothesized that for a familial association to be real, the RR for a given type of cancer should increase with the number of PCa diagnoses. In families with multiple PCa patients, significantly increased risks were observed for female breast cancer (RR 1.37 for families with three men with PCa), kidney cancer (RR 2.32), nervous system tumors (RR 1.77; RR 2.40 when PCa was diagnosed before age 70 yr), and myeloma (RR 2.44; RR 6.29 when PCa was diagnosed before age 70 yr). Some evidence of association was also found for melanoma (RR 1.82) and endocrine tumors (RR 2.18). The consistency and magnitude of the effects suggest that familial PCa is genetically associated with breast, kidney, and nervous system tumors and myeloma. This suggestion has implications for clinical counseling and design of genetic studies.
It is known that prostate cancer runs in families, but it is not known whether other cancers are common in such families. We showed that at least breast, kidney, and nervous system tumors and myeloma occur more often than by chance.
前列腺癌（PCa）具有很大的家族成分，但对其遗传基础的理解是零碎的。乳腺癌可能与 PCa 有关，但其他肿瘤类型是否如此还没有得到很好的证实。我们使用一种新的方法来研究任何类型的癌症与 PCa 的家族相关性。我们评估了所有类型肿瘤的相对风险（RR）作为诊断为 PCa 的一级亲属数量的函数。我们假设，为了使家族相关性成为真实，给定类型的癌症的 RR 应该随着 PCa 诊断数量的增加而增加。在有多个 PCa 患者的家庭中，观察到女性乳腺癌（RR 1.37，对于有三个男性患有 PCa 的家庭）、肾癌（RR 2.32）、神经系统肿瘤（RR 1.77；当 PCa 在 70 岁之前诊断时，RR 为 2.40）和骨髓瘤（RR 2.44；当 PCa 在 70 岁之前诊断时，RR 为 6.29）的风险显著增加。还发现黑色素瘤（RR 1.82）和内分泌肿瘤（RR 2.18）存在关联的一些证据。效应的一致性和大小表明，家族性 PCa 与乳腺癌、肾癌和神经系统肿瘤以及骨髓瘤在遗传上有关。这一建议对临床咨询和遗传研究的设计具有重要意义。
已知前列腺癌在家族中发病，但尚不清楚此类家族中是否常见其他癌症。我们表明，至少乳腺癌、肾癌和神经系统肿瘤以及骨髓瘤比偶然更常发生。
