Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestrasse 42, Erlangen 91054, Germany.
University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, Wien 1090, Austria.
Nat Commun. 2016 Aug 10;7:12411. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12411.
Herein, we report on a significant discovery, namely, the quantitative discharging of reduced graphite forms, such as graphite intercalation compounds, graphenide dispersions and graphenides deposited on surfaces with the simple solvent benzonitrile. Because of its comparatively low reduction potential, benzonitrile is reduced during this process to the radical anion, which exhibits a red colour and serves as a reporter molecule for the quantitative determination of negative charges on the carbon sheets. Moreover, this discovery reveals a very fundamental physical-chemical phenomenon, namely a quantitative solvent reduction induced and electrostatically driven mass transport of K(+) ions from the graphite intercalation compounds into the liquid. The simple treatment of dispersed graphenides suspended on silica substrates with benzonitrile leads to the clean conversion to graphene. This unprecedented procedure represents a rather mild, scalable and inexpensive method for graphene production surpassing previous wet-chemical approaches.
在此，我们报告了一项重要发现，即通过简单的溶剂苯腈，定量排出还原石墨形式，如石墨插层化合物、石墨化物分散体和沉积在表面上的石墨化物。由于苯腈的还原电位相对较低，因此在这个过程中它被还原为自由基阴离子，呈现红色，并作为定量测定碳片上负电荷的报告分子。此外，这一发现揭示了一个非常基本的物理化学现象，即定量溶剂还原诱导和静电驱动钾离子从石墨插层化合物到液体中的质量传输。用苯腈简单处理悬浮在二氧化硅衬底上的分散石墨化物可将其干净地转化为石墨烯。这种前所未有的方法是一种相当温和、可扩展且廉价的石墨烯生产方法，超过了以前的湿化学方法。
