Izzotti Alberto, Carozzo Stefano, Pulliero Alessandra, Zhabayeva Dinara, Ravetti Jean Louis, Bersimbaev Rakhmet
Department of Health Sciences, University of GenoaItaly; IRCCS AOU San Martino ISTGenoa Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa Italy.
Am J Cancer Res. 2016 Jul 1;6(7):1461-93. eCollection 2016.
One of the goals of contemporary cancer research is the development of new markers that facilitate earlier and non-invasive diagnosis. MicroRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression; studies have shown that their expression levels are altered in cancer. Recently, extra-cellular microRNAs have been detected in biological fluids and studied as possible cancer markers that can be detected by noninvasive procedures. In this review, we analyze the current understanding of extracellular miRNAs based on clinical studies to establish their possible use for the prevention of the most common tumors. Despite discrepancies among different studies of the same cancers, panels of specific extracellular microRNAs are emerging as a new tool for the secondary (selection of high-risk individuals to undergo screening) and tertiary (relapse) prevention of cancer.
当代癌症研究的目标之一是开发能够促进早期和非侵入性诊断的新标志物。微小RNA是调节基因表达的非编码RNA分子；研究表明，它们在癌症中的表达水平会发生改变。最近，在生物体液中检测到了细胞外微小RNA，并将其作为可通过非侵入性程序检测的潜在癌症标志物进行研究。在本综述中，我们基于临床研究分析了目前对细胞外微小RNA的认识，以确定它们在预防最常见肿瘤方面的潜在用途。尽管对同一癌症的不同研究之间存在差异，但特定的细胞外微小RNA组合正成为癌症二级预防（选择高危个体进行筛查）和三级预防（复发）的新工具。
