Kim Sohye, Kwok Stephanie, Mayes Linda C, Potenza Marc N, Rutherford Helena J V, Strathearn Lane
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Apr;1394(1):74-91. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13140. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
Substance addiction may follow a chronic, relapsing course and critically undermine the physical and psychological well-being of the affected individual and the social units of which the individual is a member. Despite the public health burden associated with substance addiction, treatment options remain suboptimal, with relapses often seen. The present review synthesizes growing insights from animal and human research to shed light upon developmental and neurobiological pathways that may increase susceptibility to addiction. We examine the dopamine system, the oxytocin system, and the glucocorticoid system, as they are particularly relevant to substance addiction. Our aim is to delineate how early adverse experience may induce long-lasting alterations in each of these systems at molecular, neuroendocrine, and behavioral levels and ultimately lead to heightened vulnerability to substance addiction. We further discuss how substance addiction in adulthood may increase the risk of suboptimal caregiving for the next generation, perpetuating the intergenerational cycle of early adverse experiences and addiction.
物质成瘾可能遵循慢性、复发性病程，并严重损害受影响个体的身心健康以及该个体所属的社会单位。尽管物质成瘾给公共卫生带来负担，但治疗选择仍不尽人意，复发情况屡见不鲜。本综述综合了动物和人类研究中不断增加的见解，以阐明可能增加成瘾易感性的发育和神经生物学途径。我们研究多巴胺系统、催产素系统和糖皮质激素系统，因为它们与物质成瘾特别相关。我们的目的是描述早期不良经历如何在分子、神经内分泌和行为水平上对这些系统中的每一个系统诱导持久的改变，并最终导致对物质成瘾的易感性增加。我们还将讨论成年期的物质成瘾如何增加下一代获得次优照料的风险，使早期不良经历和成瘾的代际循环永久化。
