Hiatt Robert A, Engmann Natalie J, Ahmed Mushtaq, Amarsi Yasmin, Macharia William M, Macfarlane Sarah B, Ngugi Anthony K, Rabbani Fauziah, Walraven Gijs, Armstrong Robert W
R.A. Hiatt is professor and chair, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and director of population sciences and associate director, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California. N.J. Engmann is a doctoral student, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. M. Ahmed is professor and associate dean of medical education, Aga Khan University, Faculty of Health Sciences-East Africa, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Y. Amarsi is professor and dean, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Faculty of Health Sciences-East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. W.M. Macharia is professor and chair, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Faculty of Health Sciences-East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. S.B. Macfarlane is professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, and visiting professor, Aga Khan University, Faculty of Health Sciences-East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. A.K. Ngugi is assistant professor, Aga Khan University, Faculty of Health Sciences-East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya. F. Rabbani is professor and chair, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University-Karachi, Pakistan. G. Walraven is honorary professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University-Karachi, Pakistan, and director for health, Aga Khan Development Network, Geneva, Switzerland. R.W. Armstrong is professor and dean of the medical college, Aga Khan University, Faculty of Health Sciences-East Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
Acad Med. 2017 Apr;92(4):462-467. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001320.
Sub-Saharan Africa suffers an inordinate burden of disease and does not have the numbers of suitably trained health care workers to address this challenge. New concepts in health sciences education are needed to offer alternatives to current training approaches.A perspective of integrated training in population health for undergraduate medical and nursing education is advanced, rather than continuing to take separate approaches for clinical and public health education. Population health science educates students in the social and environmental origins of disease, thus complementing disease-specific training and providing opportunities for learners to take the perspective of the community as a critical part of their education.Many of the recent initiatives in health science education in sub-Saharan Africa are reviewed, and two case studies of innovative change in undergraduate medical education are presented that begin to incorporate such population health thinking. The focus is on East Africa, one of the most rapidly growing economies in sub-Saharan Africa where opportunities for change in health science education are opening. The authors conclude that a focus on population health is a timely and effective way for enhancing training of health care professionals to reduce the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区疾病负担过重，且没有足够数量经过适当培训的医护人员来应对这一挑战。需要健康科学教育的新理念来为当前的培训方法提供替代方案。本文提出了本科医学和护理教育中人口健康综合培训的观点，而非继续采用临床和公共卫生教育的单独培训方法。人口健康科学教育学生了解疾病的社会和环境根源，从而补充针对特定疾病的培训，并为学习者提供机会，使其能够将社区视角作为其教育的关键部分。本文回顾了撒哈拉以南非洲地区近期在健康科学教育方面的许多举措，并介绍了两个本科医学教育创新变革的案例研究，这些研究开始纳入这种人口健康思维。重点是东非，它是撒哈拉以南非洲地区经济增长最快的地区之一，健康科学教育变革的机会正在出现。作者得出结论，关注人口健康是加强医护专业人员培训以减轻撒哈拉以南非洲地区疾病负担的及时且有效的方式。
