National and Specialist Acorn Lodge Inpatient Children's Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK.
National and Specialist Acorn Lodge Inpatient Children's Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK.
Psychiatry Res. 2016 Sep 30;243:469-94. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.042. Epub 2016 Jun 23.
One in ten children and adolescents suffer with mental health difficulties at any given time, yet less than one third seek treatment. Untreated mental illness predisposes to longstanding individual difficulties and presents a great public health burden. Large scale initiatives to reduce stigmatization of mental illness, identified as a key deterrent to treatment, have been disappointing. This indicates the need for a clearer understanding of the stigmatizing processes faced by young people, so that more effective interventions are employed. A systematic review of the literature, assessing public stigma and self-stigma (i.e. internalized public stigma) specifically in children and adolescents with mental health difficulties (YP-MHD), was conducted. Forty-two studies were identified, confirming that stigmatization of YP-MHD is a universal and disabling problem, present amongst both children and adults. There was some variation by diagnosis and gender, and stigmatization was for the most part unaffected by labelling. Self-stigmatization led to more secrecy and an avoidance of interventions. The findings confirm that stigmatization of mental illness is poorly understood due to a lack of research and methodological discrepancies between existing studies. Implications for the findings are discussed, and suggestions made for future research.
十分之一的儿童和青少年在任何特定时间都患有心理健康困难，但只有不到三分之一的人寻求治疗。未经治疗的精神疾病容易导致长期的个人困难，并带来巨大的公共卫生负担。大规模减少精神疾病污名化的举措被认为是治疗的主要障碍，但收效甚微。这表明需要更清楚地了解年轻人面临的污名化过程，以便采取更有效的干预措施。对评估儿童和青少年心理健康困难者（YP-MHD）的公众污名和自我污名（即内化的公众污名）的文献进行了系统审查。确定了 42 项研究，证实了对 YP-MHD 的污名化是一个普遍存在且具有致残性的问题，在儿童和成人中都存在。不同的诊断和性别之间存在一些差异，污名化在很大程度上不受标签的影响。自我污名化导致更多的保密和对干预措施的回避。研究结果证实，由于缺乏研究和现有研究之间方法学上的差异，对精神疾病污名化的理解很差。讨论了对这些发现的影响，并为未来的研究提出了建议。
