Konicek Cornelia, Vodrážka Pavel, Barták Pavel, Knotek Zdenek, Hess Claudia, Račka Karol, Hess Michael, Troxler Salome
1 Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
2 State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Rantířovská 93/20, 58605 Jihlava, Czech Republic.
J Wildl Dis. 2016 Oct;52(4):850-861. doi: 10.7589/2016-02-038. Epub 2016 Aug 15.
To assess the importance of wild birds as a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens in Austria and the Czech Republic, we sampled 1,325 wild birds representing 13 orders, 32 families, and 81 species. The majority belonged to orders Columbiformes (43%), Passeriformes (25%), and to birds of prey: Accipitriformes, Strigiformes, and Falconiformes (15%). We collected cloacal swabs from 1,191 birds for bacterial culture and 1,214 triple swabs (conjunctiva, choana, cloaca) for DNA and RNA isolation. The cloacal swabs were processed by classical bacteriologic methods for isolation of Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Nucleic acids isolated from triple swabs were investigated by PCR for West Nile virus, avian influenza viruses, and Chlamydia spp. We also tested tissue samples from 110 fresh carcasses for Mycobacterium spp. by PCR and we cultured fresh droppings from 114 birds for Cryptococcus spp. The most-frequently detected zoonotic bacteria were thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (12.5%) and Chlamydia spp. (10.3%). From 79.2% of the sampled birds we isolated E. coli , while 8.7% and 0.2% of E. coli isolates possessed the virulence genes for intimin (eaeA) and Shiga toxins (stx and stx), respectively. Salmonella spp. were rarely found in the sampled birds (2.2%), similar to findings of MRSA (0.3%). None of the samples were positive for Cryptococcus neoformans , Mycobacterium spp., avian influenza viruses, or West Nile virus.
为评估野生鸟类作为奥地利和捷克共和国人畜共患病原体宿主的重要性，我们对1325只野生鸟类进行了采样，这些鸟类分属13目、32科、81种。其中大多数属于鸽形目（43%）、雀形目（25%）以及猛禽目：鹰形目、鸮形目和隼形目（15%）。我们从1191只鸟采集泄殖腔拭子用于细菌培养，并从1214只鸟采集三联拭子（结膜、后鼻孔、泄殖腔）用于DNA和RNA提取。泄殖腔拭子采用经典细菌学方法处理，以分离大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌属、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和嗜热弯曲菌属。从三联拭子中提取的核酸通过PCR检测西尼罗河病毒、禽流感病毒和衣原体属。我们还通过PCR检测了110份新鲜尸体的组织样本中的分枝杆菌属，并对114只鸟的新鲜粪便进行培养以检测隐球菌属。最常检测到的人畜共患病细菌是嗜热弯曲菌属（12.5%）和衣原体属（10.3%）。我们从79.2%的采样鸟类中分离出大肠杆菌，而分离出的大肠杆菌中分别有8.7%和0.2%携带紧密素（eaeA）和志贺毒素（stx和stx）的毒力基因。在采样鸟类中很少发现沙门氏菌属（2.2%），与MRSA的检出情况（0.3%）相似。所有样本均未检测到新型隐球菌、分枝杆菌属、禽流感病毒或西尼罗河病毒呈阳性。
