Ruiz Lorena, Delgado Susana, Ruas-Madiedo Patricia, Margolles Abelardo, Sánchez Borja
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain.
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Villaviciosa, Spain.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Aug 3;7:1193. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01193. eCollection 2016.
Bifidobacteria are commensal microoganisms found in the gastrointestinal tract. Several strains have been attributed beneficial traits at local and systemic levels, through pathogen exclusion or immune modulation, among other benefits. This has promoted a growing industrial and scientific interest in bifidobacteria as probiotic supplements. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this cross-talk with the human host remain unknown. High-throughput technologies, from functional genomics to transcriptomics, proteomics, and interactomics coupled to the development of both in vitro and in vivo models to study the dynamics of the intestinal microbiota and their effects on host cells, have eased the identification of key molecules in these interactions. Numerous secreted or surface-associated proteins or peptides have been identified as potential mediators of bifidobacteria-host interactions and molecular cross-talk, directly participating in sensing environmental factors, promoting intestinal colonization, or mediating a dialogue with mucosa-associated immune cells. On the other hand, bifidobacteria induce the production of proteins in the intestine, by epithelial or immune cells, and other gut bacteria, which are key elements in orchestrating interactions among bifidobacteria, gut microbiota, and host cells. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview on proteinaceous molecules described and characterized to date, as mediators of the dynamic interplay between bifidobacteria and the human host, providing a framework to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs.
双歧杆菌是存在于胃肠道中的共生微生物。通过排除病原体或调节免疫等多种益处，几种双歧杆菌菌株在局部和全身水平上都具有有益特性。这促进了对双歧杆菌作为益生菌补充剂的工业和科学兴趣日益增长。然而，介导与人类宿主这种相互作用的分子机制仍然未知。从功能基因组学到转录组学、蛋白质组学和相互作用组学的高通量技术，再加上用于研究肠道微生物群动态及其对宿主细胞影响的体外和体内模型的开发，都有助于识别这些相互作用中的关键分子。许多分泌型或表面相关的蛋白质或肽已被确定为双歧杆菌与宿主相互作用及分子串扰的潜在介质，它们直接参与感知环境因素、促进肠道定植或介导与黏膜相关免疫细胞的对话。另一方面，双歧杆菌可诱导肠道上皮细胞、免疫细胞以及其他肠道细菌产生蛋白质，这些蛋白质是协调双歧杆菌、肠道微生物群和宿主细胞之间相互作用的关键因素。本综述旨在全面概述迄今为止已描述和表征的蛋白质分子，这些分子作为双歧杆菌与人类宿主之间动态相互作用的介质，为识别知识空白和未来研究需求提供一个框架。
