Eisenberg N, Fabes R A, Miller P A, Fultz J, Shell R, Mathy R M, Reno R R
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 Jul;57(1):55-66. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.1.55.
Assessed sympathy and personal distress with facial and physiological indexes (heart rate) as well as self-report indexes and examined the relations of these various indexes to prosocial behavior for children and adults in an easy escape condition. Heart rate deceleration during exposure to the needy others was associated with increased willingness to help. In addition, adults' reports of sympathy, as well as facial sadness and concerned attention, were positively related to their intention to assist. For children, there was some indication that report of positive affect and facial distress were negatively related to prosocial intentions and behavior, whereas facial concern was positively related to the indexes of prosocial behavior. These findings are interpreted as providing additional, convergent support for the notion that sympathy and personal distress are differentially related to prosocial behavior.
通过面部和生理指标（心率）以及自我报告指标来评估同情和个人痛苦，并在容易逃脱的情境中研究这些不同指标与儿童和成人亲社会行为之间的关系。在接触有需要的他人时心率减速与更高的帮助意愿相关。此外，成年人的同情报告以及面部悲伤和关切注意力与他们的帮助意图呈正相关。对于儿童，有迹象表明积极情绪报告和面部痛苦与亲社会意图和行为呈负相关，而面部关切与亲社会行为指标呈正相关。这些发现被解释为为同情和个人痛苦与亲社会行为存在不同关联这一观点提供了额外的、趋同的支持。
