Di Giammartino Dafne Campigli, Apostolou Effie
Weill Cornell Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, 413E 69th Street, Belfer research Building, New York, NY 10021 USA.
Curr Stem Cell Rep. 2016;2(3):255-262. doi: 10.1007/s40778-016-0055-3. Epub 2016 Jun 27.
The revolutionary discovery that somatic cells can be reprogrammed by a defined set transcription factors to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) changed dramatically the way we perceive cell fate determination. Importantly, iPSCs, similar to embryo-derived stem cells (ESCs), are characterized by a remarkable developmental plasticity and the capacity to self-renew "indefinitely" under appropriate culture conditions, opening new avenues for personalized therapy and disease modeling. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that maintain, induce, or alter stem cell identity is crucial for a deeper understanding of cell fate determination and potential translational applications. Intense research over the last 10 years exploiting technological advances in epigenomics and genome editing has unraveled many of the mysteries of pluripotent identity enabling novel and efficient ways to manipulate it for biomedical purposes. In this review, we focus on the chromatin and epigenetic characteristics that distinguish stem cells from somatic cells and their dynamic changes during differentiation and reprogramming.
体细胞可通过特定的转录因子重编程为诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）这一革命性发现，极大地改变了我们对细胞命运决定的认知方式。重要的是，与胚胎来源的干细胞（ESC）相似，iPSC具有显著的发育可塑性，并且在适当的培养条件下能够“无限期”自我更新，为个性化治疗和疾病建模开辟了新途径。阐明维持、诱导或改变干细胞特性的分子机制，对于深入理解细胞命运决定及潜在的转化应用至关重要。在过去十年中，利用表观基因组学和基因组编辑技术的进展进行的深入研究，揭示了多能性特性的许多奥秘，从而为生物医学目的操纵多能性开辟了新颖且有效的方法。在本综述中，我们重点关注区分干细胞与体细胞的染色质和表观遗传特征，以及它们在分化和重编程过程中的动态变化。
