Bramstedt Katrina A
Professor and clinical ethicist at Bond University School of Medicine in Queensland, Australia, specializing in organ donation and transplant ethics, as well as in the medical humanities.
AMA J Ethics. 2016 Aug 1;18(8):843-54. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.8.imhl1-1608.
Observation is a key step preceding diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment. Careful patient observation is a skill that is learned but rarely explicitly taught. Furthermore, proper clinical observation requires more than a glance; it requires attention to detail. In medical school, the art of learning to look can be taught using the medical humanities and especially visual arts such as paintings and film. Research shows that such training improves not only observation skills but also teamwork, listening skills, and reflective and analytical thinking. Overall, the use of visual arts in medical school curricula can build visual literacy: the capacity to identify and analyze facial features, emotions, and general bodily presentations, including contextual features such as clothing, hair, and body art. With the ability to formulate and convey a detailed "picture" of the patient, clinicians can integrate aesthetic and clinical knowledge, helping facilitate the diagnosing of medical pathologies.
观察是诊断、预后评估和治疗之前的关键步骤。仔细观察患者是一项需要学习但很少得到明确传授的技能。此外，恰当的临床观察不止是匆匆一瞥；它需要关注细节。在医学院校，可以利用医学人文学科，尤其是绘画和电影等视觉艺术来教授学习观察的技巧。研究表明，此类培训不仅能提高观察技能，还能提升团队协作能力、倾听技能以及反思和分析思维能力。总体而言，在医学院校课程中运用视觉艺术能够培养视觉素养：即识别和分析面部特征、情绪以及身体整体表现的能力，包括诸如服装、发型和身体艺术等背景特征。具备了描绘和传达患者详细“图像”的能力后，临床医生就能整合美学和临床知识，从而有助于诊断医学病症。
