Gabrielli Joy, Traore Aminata, Stoolmiller Mike, Bergamini Elaina, Sargent James D
Norris Cotton Cancer Center, and.
Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
Pediatrics. 2016 Sep;138(3). doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-0487. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
To examine whether the industry-run television (TV) Parental Guidelines discriminate on violence, sexual behavior, alcohol use, and smoking in TV shows, to assess their usefulness for parents.
Seventeen TV shows (323 episodes and 9214 episode minutes) across several TV show rating categories (TVY7, TVPG, TV14, and TVMA) were evaluated. We content-coded the episodes, recording seconds of each risk behavior, and we rated the salience of violence in each one. Multilevel models were used to test for associations between TV rating categories and prevalence of risk behaviors across and within episodes or salience of violence.
Every show had at least 1 risk behavior. Violence was pervasive, occurring in 70% of episodes overall and for 2.3 seconds per episode minute. Alcohol was also common (58% of shows, 2.3 seconds per minute), followed by sex (53% of episodes, 0.26 seconds per minute), and smoking (31% of shows, 0.54 seconds per minute). TV Parental Guidelines did not discriminate prevalence estimates of TV episode violence. Although TV-Y7 shows had significantly less substance use, other categories were poor at discriminating substance use, which was as common in TV-14 as TV-MA shows. Sex and gory violence were the only behaviors demonstrating a graded increase in prevalence and salience for older-child rating categories.
TV Parental Guidelines ratings were ineffective in discriminating shows for 3 out of 4 behaviors studied. Even in shows rated for children as young as 7 years, violence was prevalent, prominent, and salient. TV ratings were most effective for identification of sexual behavior and gory violence.
研究由行业制定的电视节目家长指导方针在电视节目中对暴力、性行为、饮酒和吸烟方面是否存在歧视，评估其对家长的实用性。
对多个电视节目评级类别（TVY7、TVPG、TV14和TVMA）中的17个电视节目（323集，共9214集分钟）进行了评估。我们对各集进行内容编码，记录每种风险行为的时长，并对每集中暴力行为的显著程度进行评级。使用多层次模型来测试电视评级类别与各集及集内风险行为的患病率或暴力行为显著程度之间的关联。
每个节目至少有1种风险行为。暴力行为普遍存在，总体上70%的剧集有暴力行为，每集分钟数中有2.3秒出现暴力。饮酒行为也很常见（58%的节目，每分钟2.3秒），其次是性行为（53%的剧集，每分钟0.26秒）和吸烟（31%的节目，每分钟0.54秒）。电视节目家长指导方针并未区分电视节目剧集暴力行为的患病率估计值。尽管TV-Y7级别的节目中物质使用明显较少，但其他类别在区分物质使用方面效果不佳，TV-14级别的节目中物质使用情况与TV-MA级别的节目一样普遍。性行为和血腥暴力是仅有的在针对大龄儿童评级类别的患病率和显著程度上呈现分级增加的行为。
电视节目家长指导方针评级在研究的4种行为中的3种行为上无法有效区分节目。即使在针对年仅7岁儿童的评级节目中，暴力行为也普遍、突出且显著。电视评级在识别性行为和血腥暴力方面最为有效。
