Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9.
Centre for Conservation and Biodiversity Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Queensland 4072, Australia.
Nat Commun. 2016 Aug 23;7:12558. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12558.
Human pressures on the environment are changing spatially and temporally, with profound implications for the planet's biodiversity and human economies. Here we use recently available data on infrastructure, land cover and human access into natural areas to construct a globally standardized measure of the cumulative human footprint on the terrestrial environment at 1 km(2) resolution from 1993 to 2009. We note that while the human population has increased by 23% and the world economy has grown 153%, the human footprint has increased by just 9%. Still, 75% the planet's land surface is experiencing measurable human pressures. Moreover, pressures are perversely intense, widespread and rapidly intensifying in places with high biodiversity. Encouragingly, we discover decreases in environmental pressures in the wealthiest countries and those with strong control of corruption. Clearly the human footprint on Earth is changing, yet there are still opportunities for conservation gains.
人类对环境的压力正在随时间和空间而变化，这对地球的生物多样性和人类经济都有着深远的影响。在这里，我们利用最近可得的基础设施、土地覆盖和人类进入自然区域的数据，构建了一个在 1993 年至 2009 年间以 1 公里(2)分辨率标准化的、累积的人类陆地环境足迹的全球尺度的衡量标准。我们注意到，虽然人口增加了 23%，世界经济增长了 153%，但人类足迹仅增加了 9%。尽管如此，地球表面仍有 75%的地区正承受着可衡量的人类压力。此外，在生物多样性高的地方，压力反常地强烈、广泛且迅速加剧。令人鼓舞的是，我们发现富裕国家和腐败控制较强的国家的环境压力有所下降。显然，地球上的人类足迹正在发生变化，但仍有机会获得保护收益。
