Suggate Sebastian, Stoeger Heidrun
a Fakultät für Psychologie, Pädagogik und Sportwissenschaft , University of Regensburg, Institut für Pädagogik , Regensburg , Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2017 Oct;70(10):2169-2187. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1227344. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
Research suggests that fine motor skills (FMS) are linked to aspects of cognitive development in children. Additionally, lexical processing advantages exist for words implying a high body-object interaction (BOI), with initial findings indicating that such words in turn link to children's FMS-for which we propose and evaluate four competing hypotheses. First, a maturational account argues that any links between FMS and lexical processing should not exist once developmental variables are controlled for. Second, functionalism posits that any link between FMS and lexical processing arises due to environmental interactions. Third, the semantic richness hypothesis argues that sensorimotor input improves lexical processing, but predicts no links between FMS and lexical processing. A fourth account, the nimble-hands, nimble minds (NHNM) hypothesis, proposes that having greater FMS improves lexical processing for high-BOI words. In two experiments, the response latencies of preschool children (n = 90, n = 76, ages = 5;1) to 45 lexical items encompassing high-BOI, low-BOI, and less imageable words were measured, alongside measures of FMS, reasoning, and general receptive/expressive vocabulary. High-BOI words appeared to show unique links to FMS, which remained after accounting for low-BOI and less imageable words, general vocabulary, reasoning, and chronological age. Although further work is needed, the findings provide initial support for the NHNM hypothesis.
研究表明,精细运动技能(FMS)与儿童认知发展的各个方面相关。此外,对于暗示高度身体-物体互动(BOI)的词汇存在词汇加工优势,初步研究结果表明,这些词汇反过来又与儿童的FMS相关——对此我们提出并评估了四种相互竞争的假设。第一,成熟论认为,一旦控制了发育变量,FMS与词汇加工之间不应存在任何联系。第二,功能主义认为,FMS与词汇加工之间的任何联系都是由于环境互动而产生的。第三,语义丰富性假设认为,感觉运动输入会改善词汇加工,但预测FMS与词汇加工之间没有联系。第四个观点,即手巧心灵(NHNM)假设,提出具有更强的FMS会改善对高BOI词汇的词汇加工。在两项实验中,测量了学龄前儿童(n = 90,n = 76,年龄 = 5岁1个月)对45个词汇项目的反应潜伏期,这些词汇项目包括高BOI、低BOI和较难形成意象的词汇,同时还测量了FMS、推理能力以及一般接受性/表达性词汇量。高BOI词汇似乎与FMS表现出独特的联系,在考虑了低BOI和较难形成意象的词汇、一般词汇、推理能力和实际年龄之后,这种联系依然存在。尽管还需要进一步的研究,但这些发现为NHNM假设提供了初步支持。