Tustin Aaron W, Hirsch Annemarie G, Rasmussen Sara G, Casey Joan A, Bandeen-Roche Karen, Schwartz Brian S
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2017 Feb;125(2):189-197. doi: 10.1289/EHP281. Epub 2016 Aug 25.
Unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) produces environmental contaminants and psychosocial stressors. Despite these concerns, few studies have evaluated the health effects of UNGD.
We investigated associations between UNGD activity and symptoms in a cross-sectional study in Pennsylvania.
We mailed a self-administered questionnaire to 23,700 adult patients of the Geisinger Clinic. Using standardized and validated questionnaire items, we identified respondents with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), migraine headache, and fatigue symptoms. We created a summary UNGD activity metric that incorporated well phase, location, total depth, daily gas production and inverse distance-squared to patient residences. We used logistic regression, weighted for sampling and response rates, to assess associations between quartiles of UNGD activity and outcomes, both alone and in combination.
The response rate was 33%. Of 7,785 study participants, 1,850 (24%) had current CRS symptoms, 1,765 (23%) had migraine headache, and 1,930 (25%) had higher levels of fatigue. Among individuals who met criteria for two or more outcomes, adjusted odds ratios for the highest quartile of UNGD activity compared with the lowest were [OR (95% CI)] 1.49 (0.78, 2.85) for CRS plus migraine, 1.88 (1.08, 3.25) for CRS plus fatigue, 1.95 (1.18, 3.21) for migraine plus fatigue, and 1.84 (1.08, 3.14) for all three outcomes together. Significant associations were also present in some models of single outcomes.
This study provides evidence that UNGD is associated with nasal and sinus, migraine headache, and fatigue symptoms in a general population representative sample. Citation: Tustin AW, Hirsch AG, Rasmussen SG, Casey JA, Bandeen-Roche K, Schwartz BS. 2017. Associations between unconventional natural gas development and nasal and sinus, migraine headache, and fatigue symptoms in Pennsylvania. Environ Health Perspect 125:189-197; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP281.
非常规天然气开发（UNGD）会产生环境污染物和社会心理压力源。尽管存在这些担忧，但很少有研究评估非常规天然气开发对健康的影响。
在宾夕法尼亚州的一项横断面研究中，我们调查了非常规天然气开发活动与症状之间的关联。
我们向盖辛格诊所的23,700名成年患者邮寄了一份自我管理的问卷。使用标准化和经过验证的问卷项目，我们确定了患有慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）、偏头痛和疲劳症状的受访者。我们创建了一个综合的非常规天然气开发活动指标，该指标纳入了开采阶段、位置、总深度、每日天然气产量以及到患者住所的距离平方反比。我们使用逻辑回归，并根据抽样和回复率进行加权，以评估非常规天然气开发活动四分位数与结果之间的关联，包括单独和组合的情况。
回复率为33%。在7,785名研究参与者中，1,850人（24%）有当前的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎症状，1,765人（23%）有偏头痛，1,930人（25%）有较高水平的疲劳。在符合两项或更多结果标准的个体中，与最低四分位数相比，非常规天然气开发活动最高四分位数的调整优势比[优势比（95%置信区间）]对于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎加偏头痛为1.49（0.78，2.85），对于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎加疲劳为1.88（1.08，3.25），对于偏头痛加疲劳为1.95（1.18，3.21），对于所有三项结果一起为1.84（1.08，3.14）。在一些单一结果模型中也存在显著关联。
本研究提供了证据，表明在一个具有代表性的普通人群样本中，非常规天然气开发与鼻和鼻窦、偏头痛以及疲劳症状有关。引文：Tustin AW, Hirsch AG, Rasmussen SG, Casey JA, Bandeen-Roche K, Schwartz BS. 2017. 宾夕法尼亚州非常规天然气开发与鼻和鼻窦、偏头痛以及疲劳症状之间的关联。环境健康展望125:189 - 197；http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP281。
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