Milam Adam J, Johnson Sarah Lindstrom, Furr-Holden C Debra M, Bradshaw Catherine P
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, 415 N. Washington St., Baltimore, MD, 21231; Wayne State University, School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201.
Arizona State University, The Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, 951 Cady Mall #144, Tempe, AZ, 85287.
J Community Psychol. 2016 Sep;44(7):819-832. doi: 10.1002/jcop.21802. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Few studies have considered the potential role of the built environment in increasing adolescent substance use. The current study explored the relationship between alcohol outlets, a potential malleable component of the neighborhood environment, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between alcohol outlet density, perceived alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana availability (ATOD), perception of substance use as a problem at the school, and self-reported ATOD use. Data come from Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools (MDS) Initiative, a statewide project focused on measuring and improving school climate. The sample includes 25,308 adolescents from 58 high schools (9-12 grade) across 12 counties. Multi-level path models indicated a positive relationship between the count of alcohol outlets and perceived availability of ATOD among girls but not boys. Perceived availability was associated with increased ATOD use at both the individual- and school-level, as well as other students' ATOD use. Findings provide support for the potential role of the built environment in adolescent risk for substance use, particularly among girls.
很少有研究考虑过建筑环境在增加青少年物质使用方面的潜在作用。当前的研究探讨了酒精销售点（社区环境中一个潜在的可塑因素）与青少年行为结果之间的关系。具体而言，我们调查了酒精销售点密度、对酒精、烟草和大麻可得性的感知（ATOD）、在学校对物质使用问题的认知以及自我报告的ATOD使用之间的关系。数据来自马里兰州安全与支持性学校（MDS）倡议，这是一个全州范围的项目，专注于测量和改善学校氛围。样本包括来自12个县58所高中（9 - 12年级）的25308名青少年。多层次路径模型表明，酒精销售点数量与女孩（而非男孩）对ATOD可得性的感知之间存在正相关关系。在个人和学校层面，感知到的可得性都与ATOD使用增加以及其他学生的ATOD使用有关。研究结果为建筑环境在青少年物质使用风险中的潜在作用提供了支持，尤其是在女孩中。
