Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, 8th floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA,
Prev Sci. 2014 Feb;15(1):12-21. doi: 10.1007/s11121-012-0350-x.
Despite the national push encouraging children to walk to school, little work has been done to examine what hazards children encounter on the route to school. This study examined the association between the presence of alcohol outlets on children's route to school and perceived safety on the route to school as well as exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD). Data come from a community-based epidemiological study of 394 urban elementary school students. Participants' residential address, school location, and alcohol outlet data were geocoded and the route to school was mapped. The route to school layer and the geocoded alcohol outlet data were joined to determine the number of alcohol outlets children pass on the route to school. Logistic regression models estimated the association between the presence of alcohol outlets on the route to school, alcohol and drug exposure, and self-reported safety. Children with an alcohol outlet on the route to school were more likely to be offered ATOD (OR = 2.20, p = 0.02) as well as be exposed to drug selling (OR = 1.72, p = 0.02) and seeing people using drugs (OR = 1.93, p = 0.02). After adjusting for individual-level variables, the relationship between presence of alcohol outlets and being offered ATOD and seeing people using drugs remained significant. However, after adjusting for individual-level control variables and a proxy for the larger neighborhood context, the association between the presence of alcohol outlets and exposure to ATOD was no longer significant. As national campaigns are encouraging children to walk to school, it is essential to consider what children are exposed to on the route to school.
尽管国家鼓励儿童步行上学，但很少有人研究儿童在上学途中会遇到哪些危险。本研究调查了儿童上学路线上是否存在酒精销售点与上学路线上的感知安全性以及接触酒精、烟草和其他药物 (ATOD) 之间的关系。数据来自一项针对 394 名城市小学生的基于社区的流行病学研究。参与者的居住地址、学校位置和酒精销售点数据被地理编码，上学路线被绘制出来。上学路线图层和地理编码的酒精销售点数据被合并，以确定儿童在上学路线上经过的酒精销售点数量。逻辑回归模型估计了上学路线上是否存在酒精销售点、酒精和药物接触以及自我报告的安全性之间的关联。上学路线上有酒精销售点的儿童更有可能接触到 ATOD（OR=2.20，p=0.02），也更有可能接触到毒品销售（OR=1.72，p=0.02）和看到有人使用毒品（OR=1.93，p=0.02）。在校正个体水平变量后，上学路线上是否存在酒精销售点与提供 ATOD 和看到有人使用毒品之间的关系仍然显著。然而，在校正个体水平控制变量和更大的邻里环境代理变量后，上学路线上是否存在酒精销售点与接触 ATOD 之间的关联不再显著。随着国家运动鼓励儿童步行上学，必须考虑儿童在上学途中会接触到什么。
