Calderon Damelys, Bardot Evan, Dubois Nicole
Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2016 Dec;245(12):1130-1144. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24441. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
Scientists have studied organs and their development for centuries and, along that path, described models and mechanisms explaining the developmental principles of organogenesis. In particular, with respect to the heart, new fundamental discoveries are reported continuously that keep changing the way we think about early cardiac development. These discoveries are driven by the need to answer long-standing questions regarding the origin of the earliest cells specified to the cardiac lineage, the differentiation potential of distinct cardiac progenitor cells, and, very importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying these specification events. As evidenced by numerous examples, the wealth of developmental knowledge collected over the years has had an invaluable impact on establishing efficient strategies to generate cardiovascular cell types ex vivo, from either pluripotent stem cells or via direct reprogramming approaches. The ability to generate functional cardiovascular cells in an efficient and reliable manner will contribute to therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and morbidity. Here we will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of cardiac progenitor biology and their translation to the pluripotent stem cell model to illustrate how developmental concepts have instructed regenerative model systems in the past and promise to do so in the future. Developmental Dynamics 245:1130-1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
几个世纪以来，科学家们一直在研究器官及其发育过程，并在此过程中描述了解释器官发生发育原理的模型和机制。特别是关于心脏，不断有新的重要发现，这些发现持续改变着我们对早期心脏发育的看法。这些发现是由回答长期存在的问题所驱动的，这些问题涉及最早被指定为心脏谱系的细胞的起源、不同心脏祖细胞的分化潜能，以及非常重要的是，这些指定事件背后的分子机制。正如众多例子所证明的那样，多年来积累的丰富发育知识对建立从多能干细胞或通过直接重编程方法在体外生成心血管细胞类型的有效策略产生了极其宝贵的影响。以高效可靠的方式生成功能性心血管细胞的能力将有助于制定旨在减轻日益增加的心血管疾病负担和发病率的治疗策略。在这里，我们将讨论心脏祖细胞生物学领域的最新发现及其向多能干细胞模型的转化，以说明发育概念在过去如何指导再生模型系统，并有望在未来继续如此。《发育动力学》2016年第245卷，第1130 - 1144页。© 2016威利期刊公司。
