McIntosh J Richard
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2016 Sep 1;8(9):a023218. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023218.
SUMMARYAll eukaryotic cells prepare for cell division by forming a "mitotic spindle"-a bipolar machine made from microtubules (MTs) and many associated proteins. This device organizes the already duplicated DNA so one copy of each chromosome attaches to each end of the spindle. Both formation and function of the spindle require controlled MT dynamics, as well as the actions of multiple motor enzymes. Spindle-driven motions separate the duplicated chromosomes into two distinct sets that are then moved toward opposite ends of the cell. The two cells that subsequently form by cytokinesis, therefore, contain all the genes needed to grow and divide again.
摘要
所有真核细胞通过形成“有丝分裂纺锤体”来为细胞分裂做准备，有丝分裂纺锤体是一种由微管（MTs）和许多相关蛋白质构成的双极机器。该装置对已经复制的DNA进行组织，使得每条染色体的一个拷贝附着于纺锤体的两端。纺锤体的形成和功能都需要受控的微管动力学以及多种运动酶的作用。纺锤体驱动的运动将复制后的染色体分离成两个不同的组，然后将它们移向细胞的相对两端。因此，随后通过胞质分裂形成的两个细胞包含再次生长和分裂所需的所有基因。
