Cheeseman Iain M
Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2014 Jul 1;6(7):a015826. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015826.
A critical requirement for mitosis is the distribution of genetic material to the two daughter cells. The central player in this process is the macromolecular kinetochore structure, which binds to both chromosomal DNA and spindle microtubule polymers to direct chromosome alignment and segregation. This review will discuss the key kinetochore activities required for mitotic chromosome segregation, including the recognition of a specific site on each chromosome, kinetochore assembly and the formation of kinetochore-microtubule connections, the generation of force to drive chromosome segregation, and the regulation of kinetochore function to ensure that chromosome segregation occurs with high fidelity.
有丝分裂的一个关键要求是将遗传物质分配到两个子细胞中。这一过程的核心参与者是大分子动粒结构，它与染色体DNA和纺锤体微管聚合物结合，以指导染色体的排列和分离。本综述将讨论有丝分裂染色体分离所需的关键动粒活动，包括识别每条染色体上的特定位点、动粒组装以及动粒-微管连接的形成、驱动染色体分离的力的产生，以及动粒功能的调节，以确保染色体分离能高度精确地发生。
