Fernandes J I M, Bortoluzzi C, Schmidt J M, Scapini L B, Santos T C, Murakami A E
Laboratory of Poultry Experimentation, Federal University of Parana - Palotina, 85950-000, Parana, Brazil
Laboratory of Poultry Experimentation, Federal University of Parana - Palotina, 85950-000, Parana, Brazil.
Poult Sci. 2017 Jan 1;96(1):220-225. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew274. Epub 2016 Sep 1.
Incubation management can have direct effects on neonate health and consequently affect post-hatching development. The effects of incubation in multiple and single stage incubators with different concentrations of CO were evaluated in terms of the vessel density in the chorioallantoic membrane, hatching, heart morphology, and body development of the neonate up to the tenth day. A total of 2,520 fertile eggs were used and distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 levels of CO in 4 single-stage incubators (4,000; 6,000; 8,000; and 10,000 ppm) and a control treatment based on multiple-stage incubation, totaling 5 treatments. The levels of CO were used during the first 10 d of the incubation period, and after this period, all eggs were submitted to the same level of CO (4,000 ppm). Eggs that were incubated in multiple-stage incubators presented a lower percentage of vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane, lower yolk absorption by the embryo, wall depth of the right ventricle, and greater humidity losses in the eggs when compared to eggs in the single-stage incubators. The eggs submitted to hypercapnia, between 5,000 and 6,000 ppm of CO, had a higher percentage of vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane; the embryos originating from these eggs had higher weight, with higher relative weight of the liver. However, the same levels reduced the yolk absorption. Single-stage incubation with moderate levels of hypercapnia is an efficient tool to be adopted by the hatcheries when attempting to improve chick quality.
孵化管理会对新生儿健康产生直接影响，进而影响孵化后的发育。根据尿囊绒毛膜中的血管密度、孵化情况、心脏形态以及新生儿直至第十天的身体发育情况，评估了在不同二氧化碳浓度的单阶段和多阶段孵化器中孵化的效果。总共使用了2520枚受精蛋，并采用完全随机设计将其分配到4个单阶段孵化器中的4个二氧化碳水平（4000、6000、8000和10000 ppm）以及基于多阶段孵化的对照处理中，共计5种处理。在孵化期的前10天使用不同水平的二氧化碳，在此之后，所有的蛋都处于相同的二氧化碳水平（4000 ppm）。与单阶段孵化器中的蛋相比，在多阶段孵化器中孵化的蛋在尿囊绒毛膜中的血管百分比更低，胚胎对卵黄的吸收更少，右心室壁深度更浅，蛋中的湿度损失更大。暴露于5000至6000 ppm二氧化碳的高碳酸血症环境中的蛋，在尿囊绒毛膜中的血管百分比更高；源自这些蛋的胚胎体重更高，肝脏的相对重量也更高。然而，相同水平的二氧化碳会减少卵黄的吸收。当孵化场试图提高雏鸡质量时，采用适度高碳酸血症水平的单阶段孵化是一种有效的方法。
