Pagano Anna, García Victor, Recarte Carlos, Lee Juliet P
Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, 180 Grand Ave, Suite 1200, Oakland, CA 94612, USA.
Department of Anthropology, G1 McElhaney Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15701, USA; Mid-Atlantic Addiction Research and Training Institute (MARTI), 107E Stright Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15701, USA.
Int J Drug Policy. 2016 Nov;37:52-59. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.08.002. Epub 2016 Sep 3.
Anexos are community-based recovery houses that were created in Mexico to serve people struggling with addiction to alcohol and other drugs. Brought to the U.S. by Mexican migrants, anexos provide residential care to primarily male Latino migrants and immigrants who are unable or unwilling to access formal treatment. While some Mexican anexos have come under fire for coercion, confrontational treatment methods, and corporal punishment, little is known about treatment practices in U.S. anexos.
We conducted a two-year ethnographic study of three anexos in urban Northern California. The study included over 150h of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 42 residents, 3 directors, 2 assistant directors, and 3 former directors (N=50). Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti software.
The anexos in our study differed in important ways from Mexican anexos described in the scientific literature. First, we found no evidence of corporal punishment or coercive internment. Second, the anexos were open, allowing residents to leave the premises for work and other approved activities. Third, the anexos were self-supported through residents' financial contributions. Fourth, collective decision-making processes observed in the California anexos more closely resembled sober living houses than their authoritarian counterparts in Mexico.
Anexos may operate differently in the U.S. versus Mexico due to variations in sociopolitical context. This exploratory study suggests that anexos are addressing unmet need for addiction treatment in U.S. Latino immigrant and migrant communities. As a community-created, self-sustained, culturally appropriate recovery resource, anexos provide important insights into Latino migrants' and immigrants' experiences with substance abuse, help-seeking trajectories, and treatment needs.
“阿内索”（Anexos）是墨西哥设立的社区康复之家，旨在帮助酗酒和滥用其他药物的人。由墨西哥移民引入美国后，“阿内索”主要为无法或不愿接受正规治疗的拉丁裔男性移民提供住宿护理。虽然一些墨西哥的“阿内索”因强制手段、对抗性治疗方法和体罚而受到批评，但对于美国“阿内索”的治疗方法却知之甚少。
我们对北加利福尼亚城市地区的三家“阿内索”进行了为期两年的人种学研究。该研究包括超过150小时的参与观察，以及对42名居民、3名主管、2名助理主管和3名前任主管（N = 50）进行的半结构化访谈。使用ATLAS.ti软件对定性数据进行主题分析。
我们研究中的“阿内索”在重要方面与科学文献中描述的墨西哥“阿内索”不同。第一，我们没有发现体罚或强制拘留的证据。第二，“阿内索”是开放的，允许居民离开住所去工作和参加其他获批活动。第三，“阿内索”通过居民的经济贡献实现自我维持。第四，加利福尼亚“阿内索”中观察到的集体决策过程更类似于清醒生活之家，而不像墨西哥那些具有独裁性质的康复之家。
由于社会政治背景的差异，“阿内索”在美国和墨西哥的运作方式可能有所不同。这项探索性研究表明，“阿内索”正在满足美国拉丁裔移民社区未得到满足的成瘾治疗需求。作为一种由社区创建、自我维持且符合文化特点的康复资源，“阿内索”为拉丁裔移民在药物滥用、寻求帮助的轨迹以及治疗需求方面的经历提供了重要见解。
