Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California.
Department of Community and Behavioral Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Alcohol Res. 2021 Mar 11;41(1):03. doi: 10.35946/arcr.v41.1.03. eCollection 2021.
Mutual help groups are a ubiquitous component of the substance abuse treatment system in the United States, showing demonstrated effectiveness as a treatment adjunct; so, it is paramount to understand whether they are as appealing to, and as effective for, racial or ethnic minority groups as they are for Whites. Nonetheless, no known comprehensive reviews have examined whether there are racial/ethnic disparities in mutual help group participation. Accordingly, this study comprehensively reviewed the U.S. literature on racial/ethnic disparities in mutual help participation among adults and adolescents with substance use disorder treatment need. The study identified 19 articles comparing mutual help participation across specific racial/ethnic minority groups and Whites, including eight national epidemiological studies and 11 treatment/community studies. Most compared Latinx and/or Black adults to White adults, and all but two analyzed 12-step participation, with others examining "self-help" attendance. Across studies, racial/ethnic comparisons yielded mostly null ( = 17) and mixed ( = 9) effects, though some findings were consistent with a racial/ethnic disparity ( = 6) or minority advantage ( = 3). Findings were weakly suggestive of disparities for Latinx populations (especially immigrants, women, and adolescents) as well as for Black women and adolescents. Overall, data were sparse, inconsistent, and dated, highlighting the need for additional studies in this area.
互助小组是美国药物滥用治疗系统中无处不在的组成部分，作为一种治疗辅助手段已被证明具有有效性；因此，至关重要的是要了解它们是否像白人一样吸引并对少数族裔群体有效。尽管如此，目前还没有已知的全面审查来研究在互助小组参与方面是否存在种族/民族差异。因此，本研究全面审查了美国关于有药物使用障碍治疗需求的成年人和青少年在互助小组参与方面的种族/民族差异的文献。该研究确定了 19 篇文章，比较了特定少数族裔群体和白人在互助小组参与方面的情况，其中包括 8 项全国性的流行病学研究和 11 项治疗/社区研究。大多数研究将拉丁裔和/或黑人成年人与白人成年人进行了比较，除了两项研究分析了 12 步参与情况外，其他研究还分析了“自助”参与情况。在这些研究中，种族/民族比较的结果大多为零（=17）和混合（=9）效应，尽管有些发现与种族/民族差异（=6）或少数群体优势（=3）一致。对于拉丁裔人群（尤其是移民、女性和青少年）以及黑人女性和青少年，发现存在差异的迹象较弱。总体而言，数据稀少、不一致且陈旧，突出表明需要在这一领域开展更多的研究。
