Chevalier Anna, Coxon Kristy, Rogers Kris, Chevalier Aran John, Wall John, Brown Julie, Clarke Elizabeth, Ivers Rebecca, Keay Lisa
a The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
b School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2017 Feb 17;18(2):124-131. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1225297. Epub 2016 Sep 2.
Even small increases in vehicle speed raise crash risk and resulting injury severity. Older drivers are at increased risk of involvement in casualty crashes and injury compared to younger drivers. However, there is little objective evidence about older drivers' speeding. This study investigates the nature and predictors of high-range speeding among drivers aged 75-94 years.
Speed per second was estimated using Global Positioning System devices installed in participants' vehicles. High-range speeding events were defined as traveling an average 10+km/h above the speed limit over 30 seconds. Descriptive analysis examined speeding events by participant characteristics and mileage driven. Regression analyses were used to examine the association between involvement in high-range speeding events and possible predictive factors.
Most (96%, 182/190) participants agreed to have their vehicle instrumented, and speeding events were accurately recorded for 97% (177/182) of participants. While 77% (136/177) of participants were involved in one or more high-range events, 42% (75/177) were involved in greater than five events during 12-months of data collection. Participants involved in high-range events drove approximately twice as many kilometres as those not involved. High-range events tended to be infrequent (median = 6 per 10,000 km; IQR = 2-18). The rate of high-range speeding was associated with better cognitive function and attention to the driving environment.
This suggests those older drivers with poorer cognition and visual attention may drive more cautiously, thereby reducing their high-range speeding behavior.
即使车速有小幅提高也会增加撞车风险及由此导致的伤害严重程度。与年轻驾驶员相比，老年驾驶员遭遇伤亡事故和受伤的风险更高。然而，关于老年驾驶员超速驾驶的客观证据很少。本研究调查了75 - 94岁驾驶员高速超速驾驶的性质和预测因素。
使用安装在参与者车辆中的全球定位系统设备估计每秒速度。高速超速事件定义为在30秒内平均行驶速度超过限速10公里/小时以上。描述性分析按参与者特征和行驶里程检查超速事件。回归分析用于检验参与高速超速事件与可能的预测因素之间的关联。
大多数（96%，182/190）参与者同意在其车辆上安装仪器，97%（177/182）的参与者的超速事件被准确记录。在数据收集的12个月期间，77%（136/177）的参与者卷入了一次或多次高速事件，42%（75/177）的参与者卷入了超过五次事件。卷入高速事件的参与者行驶的公里数大约是未卷入者的两倍。高速事件往往不频繁（中位数 = 每10000公里6次；四分位距 = 2 - 18）。高速超速率与较好的认知功能和对驾驶环境的注意力有关。
这表明认知和视觉注意力较差的老年驾驶员可能驾驶更谨慎，从而减少他们的高速超速行为。
