Molnar Lisa J, Eby David W, Bogard Scott E, LeBlanc David J, Zakrajsek Jennifer S
a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute , Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2018 Feb 28;19(sup1):S83-S88. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1379601.
The aging of the population in the United States and elsewhere has brought increasing attention to the issue of safe driving and mobility among older adults. The overall objective of this research was to use naturalistic data collection to better understand driving exposure and driving patterns, 2 important contributors to crash risk.
Data came from a study conducted at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute as part of the Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety System (IVBSS) program. A total of 108 randomly sampled drivers took part, with the sample stratified by age and sex. The age groups examined were 20 to 30 (younger), 40 to 50 (middle-aged), and 60 to 70 years old (older). Sixteen late-model Honda Accords were used as research vehicles and were driven by participants as their personal vehicles over the study period. Roughly the first 2 weeks of vehicle use comprised the baseline driving period, during which the IVBSS technologies were turned off (i.e., no warnings were presented to the drivers) but all onboard data were collected. For this article, only data from the baseline period were analyzed to limit any confounding effects that the safety technology may have had on driving behavior.
Results indicated that when looking at age independent of sex, older drivers (age 60-70) took fewer trips, drove fewer minutes, were less likely to drive at night, and had fewer high decelerations and speeding events than the youngest age group (20-30). They were also less likely to drive during peak morning traffic and on high-speed roads than their middle-age counterparts (40-50). Across all age groups, there were few differences by sex, with the exception that females drove fewer miles and fewer minutes and had fewer high decelerations than males. When both age and sex were taken into account, it was often the group of females age 60-70 that appeared to account for many of the age and sex differences found in driving exposure and patterns.
Future research in this area would benefit from larger scale and longitudinal study designs so that changes in driving exposure and patterns over time among large samples of drivers could be examined.
美国及其他地区的人口老龄化使得老年人安全驾驶和出行问题日益受到关注。本研究的总体目标是利用自然主义数据收集方法，更好地了解驾驶暴露情况和驾驶模式，这是导致撞车风险的两个重要因素。
数据来自密歇根大学交通研究所开展的一项研究，该研究是基于车辆的综合安全系统（IVBSS）项目的一部分。共有108名随机抽样的驾驶员参与，样本按年龄和性别分层。所考察的年龄组为20至30岁（年轻组）、40至50岁（中年组）和60至70岁（老年组）。16辆新型本田雅阁被用作研究车辆，在研究期间由参与者作为个人车辆驾驶。车辆使用的前两周左右为基线驾驶期，在此期间IVBSS技术关闭（即不向驾驶员发出警告），但收集所有车载数据。本文仅分析基线期的数据，以限制安全技术可能对驾驶行为产生的任何混杂影响。
结果表明，在不考虑性别的情况下，老年驾驶员（60 - 70岁）出行次数更少，驾驶时间更短，夜间驾驶的可能性更小，与最年轻年龄组（20 - 30岁）相比，急刹车和超速事件更少。与中年组（40 - 50岁）相比，他们在早高峰时段和高速公路上驾驶的可能性也更小。在所有年龄组中，除女性行驶里程和时间更少、急刹车比男性更少外，性别差异不大。当同时考虑年龄和性别时，60 - 70岁的女性群体似乎在驾驶暴露情况和模式方面体现了许多年龄和性别差异。
该领域未来的研究将受益于更大规模的纵向研究设计，以便能够研究大量驾驶员样本中驾驶暴露情况和模式随时间的变化。
