Stephens A N, Nieuwesteeg M, Page-Smith J, Fitzharris M
Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Transport Accident Commission, Victoria, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2017 Jun;103:56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.020. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
Vehicle speed is a major contributor to road trauma, both in terms of increased crash risk and injury severity. In Australia, approximately one third of fatal crashes occur in speed zones of 100km/h. This proportion has remained the same, despite the reduction in the number of road fatalities over the past decade. To drive further reductions in speed-related crashes, an improved understanding of the underlying determinants of speed choice is required.
A community attitude survey designed to understand speed behaviour and attitudes towards speeding was distributed to a large (N=5179) representative sample of drivers in Australia. Participants provided information regarding their normal speed choices across four different speed zones (40, 50, 60 and 100km/h), beliefs about the risks and enforcement of speeding behaviour as well as technology to reduce speeding.
Almost half of the sample (47%) reported exceeding the speed limit in 100km/h zones, although only a small number of these drivers (<0.5%) did so by 11km/h or more. Age and sex were related to speed limit non-compliance. Males were more likely to be classified as mid-level speeders, defined as being up to 10km/h over the limit, and excessive speeders (11+km/h over the limit). Younger drivers were also more likely to be non-compliant. When compared to compliant drivers, non-compliers perceived less risk of a serious crash, reported greater likelihood of exceeding the speed limit when they believed they would not be detected, and reported a higher level of social acceptability of speeding. Only one-third of the sample reported prior knowledge of intelligent speed assist (ISA) technology, however, once explained, the majority agreed it would be personally useful (64%). Speed non-compliers were somewhat less likely to support the usefulness of ISA than speed limit compliant drivers.
These findings can be used to target appropriate interventions and road safety messages, aimed at reducing speeding behaviour. Measures designed to address perceived social acceptability of speed behaviour, the increased crash risk associated with speeding, and the threat of detection are recommended.
车速是道路交通事故的主要促成因素，无论是就增加碰撞风险还是伤害严重程度而言。在澳大利亚，约三分之一的致命撞车事故发生在限速100公里/小时的区域。尽管过去十年道路死亡人数有所减少，但这一比例一直保持不变。为了进一步减少与速度相关的撞车事故，需要更好地理解速度选择的潜在决定因素。
一项旨在了解速度行为和对超速态度的社区态度调查被分发给澳大利亚大量（N = 5179）具有代表性的驾驶员样本。参与者提供了他们在四个不同速度区域（40、50、60和100公里/小时）的正常速度选择信息，以及对超速行为的风险和执法情况以及减少超速技术的看法。
近一半的样本（47%）报告在限速100公里/小时的区域超速，不过这些驾驶员中只有少数（<0.5%）超速11公里/小时或更多。年龄和性别与不遵守限速规定有关。男性更有可能被归类为中度超速者，即超过限速10公里/小时以内，以及过度超速者（超过限速11公里/小时及以上）。年轻驾驶员也更有可能不遵守规定。与遵守规定的驾驶员相比，不遵守规定的驾驶员认为严重撞车的风险较小，报告称当他们认为不会被发现时超速的可能性更大，并且报告超速行为在社会上的接受程度更高。只有三分之一的样本报告之前了解智能速度辅助（ISA）技术，然而，一旦解释后，大多数人同意这对个人会有用（64%）。与遵守限速规定的驾驶员相比，不遵守速度规定的驾驶员对ISA有用性的支持度略低。
这些发现可用于针对适当的干预措施和道路安全信息，以减少超速行为。建议采取措施应对对速度行为的社会接受度认知、与超速相关的碰撞风险增加以及被发现的威胁。
