O'Neill Monica C, Pillai Riddell Rebecca, Garfield Hartley, Greenberg Saul
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Pain. 2016 Dec;17(12):1273-1280. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.08.008. Epub 2016 Aug 31.
This study aimed to understand the relationship between caregiver culture and infant pain expression at the 12-month immunization and discern if a mechanism subsuming this relationship was the quality of caregiver behaviors (emotional availability). Infants (N = 393) with immunization data at 12 months of age were examined. On the basis of the Development of Infant Acute Pain Responding model, a mediation model was developed to examine how caregiver behaviors mediate the relationship between caregiver heritage culture and infant pain. Culture was operationalized by an objectively derived quantification of caregivers' self-reported heritage culture's individualism. Two mediation models were estimated, examining infant pain expression at 1 and 2 minutes post-needle. Caregivers who self-reported heritage cultures that were more highly individualistic tended to show greater emotional availability, which in turn predicted decreased infant pain expression at 1 and 2 minutes post-needle. The present findings further our understanding of one mechanism by which caregiver culture affects infant acute pain expression.
Adding to the literature examining direct relationships between culture and infant immunization pain, this article proposes the quality of caregiver behaviors as a mechanism by which culture affects infant acute pain expression at 12 months of age. Results support the proposed mechanism and inform our understanding of the role of caregiver culture in the infant pain context.
本研究旨在了解在12个月龄免疫接种时照顾者文化与婴儿疼痛表现之间的关系，并确定涵盖这种关系的一个机制是否是照顾者行为的质量（情感可及性）。对有12个月龄免疫接种数据的婴儿（N = 393）进行了检查。基于婴儿急性疼痛反应发展模型，构建了一个中介模型，以检验照顾者行为如何介导照顾者传承文化与婴儿疼痛之间的关系。文化通过对照顾者自我报告的传承文化个人主义的客观量化来操作化。估计了两个中介模型，分别考察针刺后1分钟和2分钟时婴儿的疼痛表现。自我报告传承文化更具个人主义的照顾者往往表现出更高的情感可及性，这反过来又预示着针刺后1分钟和2分钟时婴儿疼痛表现的减轻。本研究结果进一步加深了我们对照顾者文化影响婴儿急性疼痛表现的一种机制的理解。
本文在研究文化与婴儿免疫接种疼痛之间直接关系的文献基础上，提出照顾者行为质量是文化影响12个月龄婴儿急性疼痛表现的一种机制。研究结果支持了所提出的机制，并为我们理解照顾者文化在婴儿疼痛情境中的作用提供了信息。
