Niederwerder Megan C, Rowland Raymond R R
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Food Environ Virol. 2017 Mar;9(1):1-13. doi: 10.1007/s12560-016-9259-z. Epub 2016 Sep 2.
Since the appearance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the late 1980s, the virus has become endemic throughout the world, with only the countries of Sweden, Switzerland, Finland, Norway, Australia, and New Zealand historically free of PRRS virus. Biosecurity is maintained largely through restrictions on the importation of pigs and semen. The risk for a PRRSV outbreak via the legal importation of fresh/chilled/frozen pork from PRRSV-positive countries remains controversial. However, examination of the historical record shows that countries retained a PRRSV-negative status during the importation of more than 500,000 tons of fresh/chilled/frozen pork from PRRSV-positive trading partners. This review describes some of the unique properties of PRRSV, including the poor stability of the virus in the environment, the low probability for airborne transmission, and the inability to sustain infections in feral swine, which make PRRSV a poor candidate for disease introduction through the legal importation of pork.
自20世纪80年代末猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）出现以来，该病毒已在全球范围内流行，历史上只有瑞典、瑞士、芬兰、挪威、澳大利亚和新西兰没有PRRS病毒。生物安全主要通过限制猪和精液的进口来维持。通过合法进口来自PRRSV阳性国家的新鲜/冷藏/冷冻猪肉引发PRRSV疫情的风险仍存在争议。然而，对历史记录的审查表明，在从PRRSV阳性贸易伙伴进口超过50万吨新鲜/冷藏/冷冻猪肉期间，各国保持了PRRSV阴性状态。这篇综述描述了PRRSV的一些独特特性，包括病毒在环境中的稳定性差、空气传播的可能性低以及无法在野猪中持续感染，这些特性使得PRRSV不太可能通过合法进口猪肉而传入疾病。
