Duarte Mariana Costa, Lage Daniela Pagliara, Martins Vívian Tamietti, Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel, Roatt Bruno Mendes, Menezes-Souza Daniel, Goulart Luiz Ricardo, Soto Manuel, Tavares Carlos Alberto Pereira, Coelho Eduardo Antonio Ferraz
Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2016 Jul-Aug;49(4):398-407. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0120-2016.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important tropical diseases worldwide. Although chemotherapy has been widely used to treat this disease, problems related to the development of parasite resistance and side effects associated with the compounds used have been noted. Hence, alternative approaches for VL control are desirable. Some methods, such as vector control and culling of infected dogs, are insufficiently effective, with the latter not ethically recommended. The development of vaccines to prevent VL is a feasible and desirable measure for disease control; for example, some vaccines designed to protect dogs against VL have recently been brought to market. These vaccines are based on the combination of parasite fractions or recombinant proteins with adjuvants that are able to induce cellular immune responses; however, their partial efficacy and the absence of a vaccine to protect against human leishmaniasis underline the need for characterization of new vaccine candidates. This review presents recent advances in control measures for VL based on vaccine development, describing extensively studied antigens, as well as new antigenic proteins recently identified using immuno-proteomic techniques.
内脏利什曼病（VL）是全球最重要的热带疾病之一。尽管化疗已被广泛用于治疗该疾病，但已注意到与寄生虫耐药性发展以及所用化合物相关的副作用等问题。因此，需要控制内脏利什曼病的替代方法。一些方法，如病媒控制和扑杀感染犬，效果不够理想，后者在伦理上也不被推荐。开发预防内脏利什曼病的疫苗是疾病控制的一项可行且理想的措施；例如，一些旨在保护犬类免受内脏利什曼病感染的疫苗最近已投放市场。这些疫苗基于寄生虫组分或重组蛋白与能够诱导细胞免疫反应的佐剂的组合；然而，它们的部分疗效以及缺乏预防人类利什曼病的疫苗凸显了鉴定新候选疫苗的必要性。本综述介绍了基于疫苗开发的内脏利什曼病控制措施的最新进展，描述了经过广泛研究的抗原以及最近使用免疫蛋白质组学技术鉴定出的新抗原蛋白。
