Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico (COLTEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 8;14:1112894. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112894. eCollection 2023.
Leishmaniasis is defined as a complex of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus , which comprises 20 parasite species pathogenic to mammalians, such as humans and dogs. From a clinical point of view, and considering the diversity and biological complexity of the parasites, vectors, and vertebrate hosts, leishmaniasis is classified according to the distinct clinical manifestations, such as tegumentary (involving the cutaneous, mucosal, and cutaneous-diffuse forms) and visceral leishmaniasis. Many issues and challenges remain unaddressed, which could be attributed to the complexity and diversity of the disease. The current demand for the identification of new antigenic targets for the development of multicomponent-based vaccines, as well as for the production of specific diagnostic tests, is evident. In recent years, biotechnological tools have allowed the identification of several biomarkers that might potentially be used for diagnosis and have an application in vaccine development. In this Mini Review, we discuss the different aspects of this complex disease that have been addressed by technologies such as immunoproteomics and phage display. It is extremely important to be aware of the potential applications of antigens selected in different screening context, so that they can be used appropriately, so understanding their performance, characteristics, and self-limitations.
利什曼病被定义为由原生动物寄生虫属引起的一组疾病，其中包括 20 种对哺乳动物（如人和狗）具有致病性的寄生虫。从临床角度来看，考虑到寄生虫、媒介和脊椎动物宿主的多样性和生物学复杂性，利什曼病根据不同的临床表现进行分类，例如皮肤（涉及皮肤、粘膜和皮肤弥漫性形式）和内脏利什曼病。许多问题和挑战仍未得到解决，这可能归因于疾病的复杂性和多样性。目前对识别新的抗原性靶标以开发基于多成分疫苗以及生产特异性诊断测试的需求明显。近年来，生物技术工具已允许鉴定出几种可能用于诊断的生物标志物，并在疫苗开发中有应用。在这篇迷你综述中，我们讨论了免疫蛋白质组学和噬菌体展示等技术解决这种复杂疾病的不同方面。非常重要的是要意识到在不同的筛选背景下选择的抗原的潜在应用，以便能够适当地使用它们，因此要了解它们的性能、特征和自身局限性。
