Asiedu-Gyekye Isaac Julius, Seidu Mahmood Abdulai, N'guessan Banga Benoit, Frimpong-Manso Samuel, Sarkodie Joseph Edusei, Adjei Samuel, Kutu Schevadnazy, Osei-Little Joseph, Nyarko Alexander Kwadwo, Debrah Philip
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, P. O. Box LG 43, Legon, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana.
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Sep 6;16(1):348. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1334-3.
Unsweetened natural cocoa has antimalarial properties. Unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP), obtained as a result of the removal of cocoa butter from a cocoa bean protects against malaria episodes. Cocoa powder, which is prepared after removal of the cocoa butter, contains about 1.9 % theobromine and 0.21 % caffeine. Concomitant consumption of cocoa and artemether/lumefantrine (A/L) is a common practice in Ghana, West Africa. This study seeks to determine the elemental composition of UNCP and its protective effect on the heart and kidney against (A/L) administration.
Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to detect the quality and quantity of the elemental composition in UNCP. Thereafter, 30 nonmalarious male guinea pigs were divided into five groups of six animals each. One group was administered with 75 mg/kg body weight A/L only and another group distilled water (control group). The rest received 300 mg/kg, 900 mg/kg and 1500 mg/kg body weight UNCP for 14 days orally and A/L for the last 3 days (ie day 11 to day 14). Biochemical and histopathological examinations were carried out after euthanisation of the animals.
A total of thirty-eight (38) micro and macro elements were detected with the ED-XRF. Macro elements like sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), phosphorus (P), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) and micro elements like chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and lead (Pb) were identified and evaluated. Biochemical analysis revealed increases in HDL levels (p>0.05) while there were decreases in LDL levels (p>0.05), creatine kinase and AST levels (P<0.05) in animals that received UNCP compared to A/L only administered group. Urea levels reduced significantly by 53 % (p<0.05) in group that received 1500 mg/kg UNCP. Histopathological examinations of the heart and kidney buttressed the protective effects of cocoa administration.
The percentage of recommended daily allowance of UNCP for chromium is 3750 % for men and 5250 % for women while % RDA for copper corresponds to 103.6 % in both sexes. UNCP proved to possess cardioprotective and renoprotective potential during artemether-lumefantrine administration.
未加糖的天然可可具有抗疟疾特性。通过从可可豆中去除可可脂而获得的未加糖天然可可粉（UNCP）可预防疟疾发作。去除可可脂后制备的可可粉含有约1.9%的可可碱和0.21%的咖啡因。在西非加纳，同时食用可可和蒿甲醚/本芴醇（A/L）是一种常见做法。本研究旨在确定UNCP的元素组成及其对心脏和肾脏免受（A/L）给药影响的保护作用。
采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法检测UNCP中元素组成的质量和数量。此后，将30只无疟疾的雄性豚鼠分为五组，每组六只动物。一组仅给予75mg/kg体重的A/L，另一组给予蒸馏水（对照组）。其余动物口服300mg/kg、900mg/kg和1500mg/kg体重的UNCP，持续14天，并在最后3天（即第11天至第14天）给予A/L。动物安乐死后进行生化和组织病理学检查。
通过能量色散X射线荧光光谱法共检测到38种微量元素和常量元素。确定并评估了钠（Na）、镁（Mg）、铝（Al）、磷（P）、氯（Cl）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、锰（Mn）和铁（Fe）等常量元素以及铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、砷（As）和铅（Pb）等微量元素。生化分析显示，与仅给予A/L的组相比，接受UNCP的动物高密度脂蛋白水平升高（p>0.05），而低密度脂蛋白水平、肌酸激酶和谷草转氨酶水平降低（P<0.05）。接受1500mg/kg UNCP的组尿素水平显著降低53%（p<0.05）。心脏和肾脏的组织病理学检查支持了可可给药的保护作用。
UNCP中铬的推荐每日摄入量百分比男性为3750%，女性为5250%，而铜的%RDA在两性中均相当于103.6%。在蒿甲醚-本芴醇给药期间，UNCP被证明具有心脏保护和肾脏保护潜力。
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