Saenen Nelly D, Vrijens Karen, Janssen Bram G, Madhloum Narjes, Peusens Martien, Gyselaers Wilfried, Vanpoucke Charlotte, Lefebvre Wouter, Roels Harry A, Nawrot Tim S
Am J Epidemiol. 2016 Sep 15;184(6):442-9. doi: 10.1093/aje/kww007. Epub 2016 Sep 5.
The placenta plays a crucial role in fetal growth and development through adaptive responses to perturbations of the maternal environment. We investigated the association between placental 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTp), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and exposure to air pollutants during various time windows of pregnancy. We measured the placental 3-NTp levels of 330 mother-newborn pairs enrolled in the Environmental Influence on Ageing in Early Life (ENVIRONAGE) Study, a Belgian birth cohort study (2010-2013). Daily concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide were interpolated for each mother's residence using a spatiotemporal interpolation method. Placental 3-NTp levels, adjusted for covariates, increased by 35.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.9, 60.0) for each interquartile-range increment in entire-pregnancy PM2.5 exposure. The corresponding estimate for BC exposure was 13.9% (95% CI: -0.21, 29.9). These results were driven by the first (PM2.5: 29.0% (95% CI: 4.9, 58.6); BC: 23.6% (95% CI: 4.4, 46.4)) and second (PM2.5: 39.3% (95% CI: 12.3, 72.7)) gestational exposure windows. This link between placental nitrosative stress and exposure to fine particle air pollution during gestation is in line with experimental evidence on cigarette smoke and diesel exhaust exposure. Further research is needed to elucidate potential health consequences experienced later in life through particle-mediated nitrosative stress incurred during fetal life.
胎盘通过对母体环境扰动的适应性反应，在胎儿生长发育中发挥着关键作用。我们研究了胎盘3-硝基酪氨酸（3-NTp，一种氧化应激生物标志物）与孕期不同时间窗暴露于空气污染物之间的关联。我们测量了参与“早期生活环境对衰老的影响”（ENVIRONAGE）研究的330对母婴的胎盘3-NTp水平，这是一项比利时出生队列研究（2010 - 2013年）。使用时空插值方法，对每位母亲居住地的空气动力学直径≤2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）、黑碳（BC）和二氧化氮的每日浓度进行插值。在校正协变量后，整个孕期PM2.5暴露每增加一个四分位数间距，胎盘3-NTp水平升高35.0%（95%置信区间（CI）：13.9，60.0）。BC暴露的相应估计值为13.9%（95% CI：-0.21，29.9）。这些结果是由孕早期（PM2.5：29.0%（95% CI：4.9，58.6）；BC：23.6%（95% CI：4.4，46.4））和孕中期（PM2.5：39.3%（95% CI：12.3，72.7））的暴露窗口驱动的。胎盘亚硝化应激与孕期暴露于细颗粒空气污染之间的这种联系与关于接触香烟烟雾和柴油废气的实验证据一致。需要进一步研究以阐明胎儿期因颗粒物介导的亚硝化应激而在生命后期可能经历的潜在健康后果。
