Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Mar;220(2 Pt A):13-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.08.002. Epub 2016 Aug 24.
Human biomonitoring (HBM) is used to indicate and quantify exposure by measuring environmental chemicals, their metabolites or reaction products in biological specimens. The biomonitoring component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is the most comprehensive initiative providing general population HBM data in Canada. The CHMS is an ongoing cross-sectional direct measures survey implemented in 2-year cycles. It provides nationally-representative data on health, nutritional status, environmental exposures, and related risks and protective characteristics. The survey follows a robust planning, design and sampling protocol as well as a comprehensive quality assurance and quality control regime implemented for all aspect of the survey to ensure the validity of the HBM results. HBM blood and urine data are available for CHMS cycles 1 (2007-2009), 2 (2009-2011) and 3 (2012-2013). Field collection has been completed for cycle 4 (2014-2015), with cycle 5 (2016-2017) in progress and cycle 6 planning (2018-2019) being finalized. Biomonitoring results for 279 chemicals are expected over the six cycles of the CHMS (220 in individual blood, urine or hair samples, and 59 in pooled serum samples). The chemicals include metals and trace elements, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorines, flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolites, environmental phenols, triclocarban, acrylamide, pesticides (e.g., triazines, carbamates, organophosphates, phenoxy, pyrethroids) and/or their metabolites, chlorophenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites, phthalates and alternate plasticizer metabolites, and tobacco biomarkers. Approximately one half of the chemicals measured in individual blood and urine samples over the first three cycles were detected in more than 60% of samples. CHMS biomonitoring data have been used to establish baseline HBM concentrations in Canadians; inform public health, regulatory risk assessment and management decisions; and fulfil national and international reporting requirements. Concurrent efforts are underway in Canada to develop statistically- and risk-based concepts and tools to interpret biomonitoring data.
人体生物监测（HBM）用于通过测量生物样本中的环境化学物质、其代谢物或反应产物来指示和量化暴露。加拿大健康测量调查（CHMS）的生物监测部分是加拿大提供一般人群 HBM 数据的最全面的举措。CHMS 是一项正在进行的横断面直接测量调查，每两年进行一次。它提供了有关健康、营养状况、环境暴露以及相关风险和保护特征的全国代表性数据。该调查遵循了一个强大的规划、设计和抽样方案，以及一个全面的质量保证和质量控制制度，用于调查的所有方面，以确保 HBM 结果的有效性。CHMS 周期 1（2007-2009 年）、2（2009-2011 年）和 3（2012-2013 年）提供 HBM 血液和尿液数据。CHMS 周期 4（2014-2015 年）的现场采集已经完成，CHMS 周期 5（2016-2017 年）正在进行，周期 6（2018-2019 年）的规划正在完成。预计在 CHMS 的六个周期内，将有 279 种化学物质的生物监测结果（220 种在个体血液、尿液或头发样本中，59 种在混合血清样本中）。这些化学物质包括金属和微量元素、多氯联苯（PCBs）、有机氯农药、阻燃剂、全氟烷基物质、挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）及其代谢物、环境酚类、三氯生、丙烯酰胺、农药（如三嗪类、氨基甲酸酯类、有机磷酸酯类、苯氧羧酸类、拟除虫菊酯类）及其代谢物、氯酚类、多环芳烃（PAH）代谢物、邻苯二甲酸酯和替代增塑剂代谢物以及烟草生物标志物。在前三个周期中，个体血液和尿液样本中测量的大约一半化学物质在超过 60%的样本中被检测到。CHMS 生物监测数据用于确定加拿大 HBM 浓度的基线；为公共卫生、监管风险评估和管理决策提供信息；并满足国家和国际报告要求。加拿大正在同时努力开发用于解释生物监测数据的基于统计学和风险的概念和工具。
