Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, Canada; Département de Santé Environnementale et de Santé au Travail, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal, Canada.
Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2020 Apr;225:113451. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113451. Epub 2020 Jan 20.
The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), an ongoing national health survey conducted in two-year cycles, collects extensive biomonitoring data that is used to assess the exposure of Canadians to environmental chemicals of concern. Combining data from multiple cycles of the CHMS allows for the calculation of robust regional estimates of chemical concentrations in blood and urine. The objective of this work was to compare biomarkers of exposure to several environmental chemicals for the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, two major CHMS regions, as well as the entire CHMS (representing Canada) minus Quebec (CMQ), and the entire CHMS minus Ontario (CMO), and to interpret differences between regions. Geometric means and 95th percentiles of blood and/or urinary concentrations of 45 environmental chemicals or their metabolites for Ontario, Quebec, CMQ, and CMO were calculated by combining the two most recent cycles of data available for a chemical (cycles 1 and 2, or cycles 2 and 3) from the first three cycles of the CHMS (2007-2013). Weighted one-way ANOVA was used to test the differences between regional estimates. After applying a Bonferonni-Holm adjustment for multiple comparisons, the following measures were significantly higher in Quebec as compared to Ontario and CMQ: blood lead, urinary lead and the urinary polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2- hydroxyphenanthrene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene. In Quebec compared to CMQ only, urinary 2-hydroxfluorene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene were higher. The concentration of urinary fluoride was significantly higher in Ontario as compared to Quebec and CMO. Blood manganese and urinary fluoride were significantly lower in Quebec compared to CMQ, and blood and urinary selenium were significantly lower in Ontario compared to CMO. Regional differences in tobacco use, age of dwellings and drinking water fluoridation are among the possible contributing factors to some of the observed differences. In conclusion, this is the first study where biomonitoring data from multiple cycles of CHMS were combined in order to generate robust estimates for subsets of the Canadian population. Such assessments can contribute to a regional-level prioritization of control measures to reduce the exposure of Canadians to chemicals in their environment.
加拿大健康衡量调查（CHMS）是一项持续进行的全国性健康调查，每两年进行一次周期，收集广泛的生物监测数据，用于评估加拿大人接触环境中关注化学物质的情况。将 CHMS 多个周期的数据结合起来，可以计算血液和尿液中化学物质浓度的稳健区域估计值。这项工作的目的是比较魁北克省和安大略省这两个主要 CHMS 地区以及减去魁北克省的整个 CHMS（CMQ）和减去安大略省的整个 CHMS（CMO）的几种环境化学物质暴露的生物标志物，并解释各地区之间的差异。通过结合 CHMS 前三个周期（2007-2013 年）中可用的最新两个周期的数据，计算了安大略省、魁北克省、CMQ 和 CMO 的 45 种环境化学物质或其代谢物的血液和/或尿液浓度的几何平均值和第 95 个百分位数。使用加权单向方差分析检验区域估计值之间的差异。应用 Bonferroni-Holm 多重比较调整后，与安大略省和 CMQ 相比，魁北克省的以下指标明显更高：血液铅、尿铅和尿多环芳烃（PAH）代谢物 9-羟基芴、1-羟基菲、2-羟基菲和 3-羟基菲。与 CMQ 相比，仅在魁北克省，尿 2-羟基芴、3-羟基芴、2-羟基萘和 4-羟基菲的浓度更高。与魁北克省和 CMO 相比，安大略省的尿氟浓度明显更高。与 CMQ 相比，魁北克省的血液锰和尿氟浓度明显较低，与 CMO 相比，安大略省的血液和尿硒浓度明显较低。烟草使用、住房年龄和饮用水氟化等区域差异是一些观察到的差异的可能促成因素。总之，这是第一项将 CHMS 多个周期的生物监测数据结合起来，为加拿大人口的亚组生成稳健估计值的研究。这种评估有助于在区域层面上优先考虑控制措施，以减少加拿大人接触环境中化学物质的暴露。
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