Foroughi Maryam, Moayedi-Nia Saeedeh, Shoghli Alireza, Bayanolhagh Saeed, Sedaghat Abbas, Mohajeri Mansoor, Mousavinasab Seyed Noraldin, Mohraz Minoo
Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, The Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sex Transm Infect. 2017 Sep;93(6):421-423. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052557. Epub 2016 Sep 6.
The existence of street and working children in Iran is undeniable. The precarious conditions of these children (including disrupted family, poverty, high prevalence of crime among relatives, family members and peers) cause social harm and high-risk behaviours, including drug addiction, selling sex or having sex with adolescents or peers. Here we explore the HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C status of street and working children in Tehran.
One thousand street and labour children, aged 10-18 years, were recruited by using the time-location sampling method, and semistructured questionnaires were used to find demographic information and information on HIV/AIDS-related high-risk sexual behaviours. Blood samples were collected from children, with use of the dried blood sampling method.
4.5% of children were HIV infected, 1.7% were infected with hepatitis B virus and 2.6% were infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Having parents who used drug, infected with HCV and having experience in trading sex significantly increased the likelihood of getting HIV among the street children of Tehran.
HIV prevalence among street children is much higher than general population (<0.1%), and in fact ,the rate of positivity comes close to that among female sex workers in Iran. These findings must be an alarm for HIV policymakers to consider immediate and special interventions for this at-risk group.
伊朗街头儿童和童工的存在是不可否认的。这些儿童的不稳定状况（包括家庭破裂、贫困、亲属、家庭成员和同龄人中犯罪率高）会造成社会危害和高风险行为，包括吸毒成瘾、卖淫或与青少年或同龄人发生性行为。在此，我们探讨德黑兰街头儿童和童工的艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎状况。
采用时间-地点抽样方法招募了1000名年龄在10至18岁之间的街头儿童和童工，并使用半结构化问卷来获取人口统计学信息以及与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的高风险性行为信息。采用干血样采集法从儿童身上采集血样。
4.5%的儿童感染了艾滋病毒，1.7%感染了乙型肝炎病毒，2.6%感染了丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）。父母吸毒、感染丙型肝炎病毒以及有性交易经历显著增加了德黑兰街头儿童感染艾滋病毒的可能性。
街头儿童中的艾滋病毒感染率远高于普通人群（<0.1%），事实上，阳性率接近伊朗女性性工作者中的感染率。这些发现必须为艾滋病毒政策制定者敲响警钟，促使他们考虑针对这一高危群体立即采取特别干预措施。
