Oron Semper Jose V, Murillo Jose I, Bernacer Javier
Mind-Brain Group, Institute for Culture and Society, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2016 Aug 23;7:1263. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01263. eCollection 2016.
In this article we introduce the hypothesis that neuropsychological adolescent maturation, and in particular emotional management, may have opposing explanations depending on the interpretation of the assumed brain architecture, that is, whether a componential computational account (CCA) or a dynamic systems perspective (DSP) is used. According to CCA, cognitive functions are associated with the action of restricted brain regions, and this association is temporally stable; by contrast, DSP argues that cognitive functions are better explained by interactions between several brain areas, whose engagement in specific functions is temporal and context-dependent and based on neural reuse. We outline the main neurobiological facts about adolescent maturation, focusing on the neuroanatomical and neurofunctional processes associated with adolescence. We then explain the importance of emotional management in adolescent maturation. We explain the interplay between emotion and cognition under the scope of CCA and DSP, both at neural and behavioral levels. Finally, we justify why, according to CCA, emotional management is understood as regulation, specifically because the cognitive aspects of the brain are in charge of regulating emotion-related modules. However, the key word in DSP is integration, since neural information from different brain areas is integrated from the beginning of the process. Consequently, although the terms should not be conceptually confused, there is no cognition without emotion, and vice versa. Thus, emotional integration is not an independent process that just happens to the subject, but a crucial part of personal growth. Considering the importance of neuropsychological research in the development of educational and legal policies concerning adolescents, we intend to expose that the holistic view of adolescents is dependent on whether one holds the implicit or explicit interpretation of brain functioning.
在本文中，我们提出一个假设：神经心理学层面的青少年成熟，尤其是情绪管理，可能会因对假定大脑结构的不同解读而有相反的解释，也就是说，取决于采用的是成分计算账户（CCA）还是动态系统视角（DSP）。根据CCA，认知功能与特定脑区的活动相关，且这种关联在时间上是稳定的；相比之下，DSP认为认知功能可以更好地由几个脑区之间的相互作用来解释，这些脑区参与特定功能是随时间和情境而定的，并且基于神经重用。我们概述了有关青少年成熟的主要神经生物学事实，重点关注与青春期相关的神经解剖和神经功能过程。然后我们解释了情绪管理在青少年成熟中的重要性。我们在CCA和DSP的框架下，从神经和行为层面解释了情绪与认知之间的相互作用。最后，我们说明了为什么根据CCA，情绪管理被理解为调节，具体而言是因为大脑的认知方面负责调节与情绪相关的模块。然而，DSP中的关键词是整合，因为来自不同脑区的神经信息从过程一开始就进行整合。因此，尽管这两个术语在概念上不应混淆，但没有情绪就没有认知，反之亦然。所以，情绪整合并非只是偶然发生在个体身上的独立过程，而是个人成长至关重要的一部分。考虑到神经心理学研究在制定有关青少年的教育和法律政策方面的重要性，我们想要揭示的是，对青少年的整体看法取决于人们对大脑功能持有的是隐含还是明确的解读。
