Jahn Najko, Tullney Marco
Bielefeld University Library, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover, Germany.
PeerJ. 2016 Aug 9;4:e2323. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2323. eCollection 2016.
Publication fees as a revenue source for open access publishing hold a prominent place on the agendas of researchers, policy makers, and academic publishers. This study contributes to the evolving empirical basis for funding these charges and examines how much German universities and research organisations spent on open access publication fees. Using self-reported cost data from the Open APC initiative, the analysis focused on the amount that was being spent on publication fees, and compared these expenditure with data from related Austrian (FWF) and UK (Wellcome Trust, Jisc) initiatives, in terms of both size and the proportion of articles being published in fully and hybrid open access journals. We also investigated how thoroughly self-reported articles were indexed in Crossref, a DOI minting agency for scholarly literature, and analysed how the institutional spending was distributed across publishers and journal titles. According to self-reported data from 30 German universities and research organisations between 2005 and 2015, expenditures on open access publication fees increased over the years in Germany and amounted to € 9,627,537 for 7,417 open access journal articles. The average payment was € 1,298, and the median was € 1,231. A total of 94% of the total article volume included in the study was supported in accordance with the price cap of € 2,000, a limit imposed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) as part of its funding activities for open access funding at German universities. Expenditures varied considerably at the institutional level. There were also differences in how much the institutions spent per journal and publisher. These differences reflect, at least in part, the varying pricing schemes in place including discounted publication fees. With an indexing coverage of 99%, Crossref thoroughly indexed the open access journals articles included in the study. A comparison with the related openly available cost data from Austria and the UK revealed that German universities and research organisations primarily funded articles in fully open access journals. By contrast, articles in hybrid journal accounted for the largest share of spending according to the Austrian and UK data. Fees paid for hybrid journals were on average more expensive than those paid for fully open access journals.
出版费用作为开放获取出版的一个收入来源，在研究人员、政策制定者和学术出版商的议程中占据显著位置。本研究为资助这些费用不断发展的实证基础做出了贡献，并考察了德国大学和研究机构在开放获取出版费用上的支出情况。利用来自开放APC倡议的自我报告成本数据，分析聚焦于出版费用的支出金额，并将这些支出与奥地利（FWF）和英国（惠康信托基金会、Jisc）相关倡议的数据在规模以及在完全开放获取期刊和混合开放获取期刊上发表文章的比例方面进行了比较。我们还调查了自我报告的文章在学术文献DOI发放机构Crossref中的索引情况，并分析了机构支出在出版商和期刊标题之间的分布情况。根据2005年至2015年间30所德国大学和研究机构的自我报告数据，德国开放获取出版费用的支出在这些年里有所增加，7417篇开放获取期刊文章的支出达到9627537欧元。平均支付金额为1298欧元，中位数为1231欧元。该研究纳入的文章总量中，共有94%符合德国研究基金会（DFG）作为其在德国大学开放获取资助活动一部分所设定的2000欧元价格上限的支持标准。机构层面的支出差异很大。各机构在每种期刊和每个出版商上的支出也存在差异。这些差异至少部分反映了现行的不同定价方案，包括折扣出版费用。Crossref对研究中纳入的开放获取期刊文章的索引覆盖率为99%。与奥地利和英国相关的公开成本数据比较显示，德国大学和研究机构主要资助在完全开放获取期刊上发表的文章。相比之下，根据奥地利和英国的数据，混合期刊上的文章支出占比最大。混合期刊支付的费用平均比完全开放获取期刊支付的费用更贵。
