Global Change Unit, Image Processing Laboratory, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
Laboratory for the Analysis of the Biosphere, Department of Environmental Sciences and Renewable Natural Resources, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11315, Santiago, Chile.
Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 8;6:33130. doi: 10.1038/srep33130.
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main driver of interannual climate extremes in Amazonia and other tropical regions. The current 2015/2016 EN event was expected to be as strong as the EN of the century in 1997/98, with extreme heat and drought over most of Amazonian rainforests. Here we show that this protracted EN event, combined with the regional warming trend, was associated with unprecedented warming and a larger extent of extreme drought in Amazonia compared to the earlier strong EN events in 1982/83 and 1997/98. Typical EN-like drought conditions were observed only in eastern Amazonia, whilst in western Amazonia there was an unusual wetting. We attribute this wet-dry dipole to the location of the maximum sea surface warming on the Central equatorial Pacific. The impacts of this climate extreme on the rainforest ecosystems remain to be documented and are likely to be different to previous strong EN events.
厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）是亚马逊地区和其他热带地区年际气候极端事件的主要驱动因素。当前的 2015/2016 年厄尔尼诺事件预计将与 1997/1998 年的世纪厄尔尼诺事件一样强烈，亚马逊雨林的大部分地区将出现极端高温和干旱。在这里，我们表明，与早期的强厄尔尼诺事件（1982/1983 年和 1997/1998 年）相比，这场持续时间较长的厄尔尼诺事件与区域变暖趋势相结合，导致了亚马逊地区前所未有的变暖以及更大范围的极端干旱。只有在亚马逊东部地区才观察到典型的类似厄尔尼诺的干旱条件，而在亚马逊西部地区则出现了异常湿润的情况。我们将这种干湿偶极归因于赤道太平洋中部海面变暖的最大位置。这种气候极端事件对雨林生态系统的影响仍有待记录，并且可能与以前的强厄尔尼诺事件不同。
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