Liu Lingling, Luo Qing, Sun Jinghui, Song Guanbin
Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
Exp Cell Res. 2016 Oct 15;348(1):56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 5.
Cell migration plays an important role in many physiological and pathological settings, ranging from embryonic development to cancer metastasis. Currently, accumulating data suggest that cells migrating in three-dimensional (3D) environments show well-defined differences compared to their well-established two-dimensional (2D) counterparts. During 3D migration, the cell body and nucleus must deform to allow cellular passage through the available spaces, and the deformability of the relatively rigid nucleus may constitute a limiting step. Here, we highlight the key evidence regarding the role of the nuclear mechanics in 3D migration, including the molecular components that govern the stiffness of the nucleus and review how the nuclear dynamics are connected to and controlled by cytoskeleton-based migration machinery. Intriguingly, nuclear movement must be coordinated with the cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading and trailing edges, which in turn impact the cytoplasmic dynamics that affect the migration efficiency. Thus, we suggest that alterations in the nuclear structure may facilitate cellular reorganizations that are necessary for efficient migration.
细胞迁移在许多生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用，从胚胎发育到癌症转移。目前，越来越多的数据表明，与在成熟的二维（2D）环境中迁移的细胞相比，在三维（3D）环境中迁移的细胞表现出明确的差异。在3D迁移过程中，细胞体和细胞核必须变形，以便细胞通过可用空间，而相对刚性的细胞核的可变形性可能构成一个限制步骤。在这里，我们强调了关于核力学在3D迁移中作用的关键证据，包括控制细胞核刚度的分子成分，并综述了核动力学如何与基于细胞骨架的迁移机制相联系并受其控制。有趣的是，核运动必须与前沿和后沿的细胞骨架动力学相协调，这反过来又会影响影响迁移效率的细胞质动力学。因此，我们认为核结构的改变可能促进高效迁移所需的细胞重组。
