De Conto Flora
Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Pathogens. 2024 Mar 14;13(3):249. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13030249.
Influenza is one of the most prevalent causes of death worldwide. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) naturally infect various avian and mammalian hosts, causing seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics with high morbidity and mortality. The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic showed how an animal virus strain could unpredictably acquire the ability to infect humans with high infection transmissibility. Importantly, highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) may cause human infections with exceptionally high mortality. Because these latter infections pose a pandemic potential, analyzing the ecology and evolution features of host expansion helps to identify new broad-range therapeutic strategies. Although IAVs are the prototypic example of molecular strategies that capitalize on their coding potential, the outcome of infection depends strictly on the complex interactions between viral and host cell factors. Most of the studies have focused on the influenza virus, while the contribution of host factors remains largely unknown. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of mammals' host response to AIV infection is crucial. This review sheds light on the involvement of the cellular cytoskeleton during the highly pathogenic AIV infection of mammalian hosts, allowing a better understanding of its modulatory role, which may be relevant to therapeutic interventions for fatal disease prevention and pandemic management.
流感是全球最常见的死因之一。甲型流感病毒（IAV）自然感染各种禽类和哺乳动物宿主，引发季节性流行和具有高发病率及死亡率的周期性大流行。最近的新冠疫情表明，一种动物病毒株如何能不可预测地获得以高感染传播性感染人类的能力。重要的是，高致病性甲型禽流感病毒（AIV）可能导致人类感染并具有极高的死亡率。由于这些后期感染具有大流行潜力，分析宿主扩展的生态和进化特征有助于确定新的广谱治疗策略。尽管IAV是利用其编码潜力的分子策略的典型例子，但感染的结果严格取决于病毒和宿主细胞因子之间的复杂相互作用。大多数研究都集中在流感病毒上，而宿主因素的作用在很大程度上仍然未知。因此，全面了解哺乳动物宿主对AIV感染的反应至关重要。本综述揭示了细胞骨架在哺乳动物宿主高致病性AIV感染过程中的参与情况，有助于更好地理解其调节作用，这可能与预防致命疾病和管理大流行的治疗干预措施相关。
