Morean Meghan E, L'Insalata Alexa
Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH;
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2017 Feb;19(2):215-221. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw205. Epub 2016 Aug 7.
E-cigarettes are popular in the United States, but psychometrically sound measures of vaping beliefs and behaviors are lacking.
We evaluated the psychometrics of the Short Form Vaping Consequences Questionnaire (S-VCQ), a modified version of the Short Form Smoking Consequences Questionnaire that assesses expectancies for negative consequences, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and appetite/weight control associated with vaping. Adult, past-month e-cigarette users completed an anonymous survey in Fall 2015 (N = 522, 50.4% female; 71.5% white; 34.10 [SD = 9.66] years). Psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, measurement invariance, t tests, correlations, and test-criterion relationships with vaping outcomes.
The S-VCQ evidenced a four-factor latent structure (Bentler's Comparative Fit Index = .95, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .05, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = .06), and subscales evidenced internal consistency (mean α = 0.89). S-VCQ scores were scalar invariant for sex and smoking status; women reported stronger appetite/weight control than men and dual cigarette/e-cigarette users (n = 309) reported stronger negative vaping consequences and negative reinforcement than nonsmokers. Among dual users, vaping and smoking expectancies also were scalar invariant; dual users reported stronger positive reinforcement associated with vaping than smoking but stronger negative consequences, negative reinforcement, and appetite/weight control associated with smoking than vaping. Correlations indicated that vaping and smoking expectancies were related, yet distinct constructs. Univariate general linear models indicated that vaping frequency and dependence were associated with positive reinforcement (ηp2 = .02/.02), negative reinforcement (ηp2 = .02/.08), and appetite/weight control (ηp2 = .02/.02) from vaping.
The S-VCQ evidences solid psychometrics as a measure of adult e-cigarette users' vaping expectancies.
The current study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of the S-VCQ, the first measure of vaping expectancies that has been validated for use with adult e-cigarette users. Results indicated that the S-VCQ comprises four subscales that evidence internal consistency, scalar measurement invariance for important groups of interest, and test-criterion relationships with vaping outcomes. Researchers are encouraged to consider using this measure for assessing vaping expectancies in adult e-cigarette users.
电子烟在美国很受欢迎，但缺乏对吸电子烟信念和行为的可靠测量方法。
我们评估了简化版电子烟后果问卷（S-VCQ）的心理测量特性，它是简化版吸烟后果问卷的修改版本，用于评估与吸电子烟相关的负面后果预期、正强化、负强化以及食欲/体重控制预期。2015年秋季，成年且在过去一个月内使用过电子烟的用户完成了一项匿名调查（N = 522，50.4%为女性；71.5%为白人；年龄34.10岁[标准差 = 9.66]）。心理测量分析包括验证性因素分析、内部一致性、测量不变性、t检验、相关性以及与吸电子烟结果的效标关系。
S-VCQ呈现出四因素潜在结构（本特勒比较拟合指数 = 0.95，近似均方根误差 = 0.05，标准化均方根残差 = 0.06），各分量表具有内部一致性（平均α = 0.89）。S-VCQ得分在性别和吸烟状况上具有标量不变性；女性报告的食欲/体重控制预期比男性更强，同时，既吸卷烟又吸电子烟的用户（n = 309）报告的负面电子烟后果和负强化预期比不吸烟者更强。在既吸卷烟又吸电子烟的用户中，吸电子烟和吸烟的预期在标量上也具有不变性；既吸卷烟又吸电子烟的用户报告与吸电子烟相关的正强化比吸烟更强，但与吸烟相关的负面后果、负强化以及食欲/体重控制预期比吸电子烟更强。相关性表明，吸电子烟和吸烟的预期是相关但又不同的结构。单变量一般线性模型表明，吸电子烟频率和依赖程度与吸电子烟的正强化（偏η² = 0.02/0.02）、负强化（偏η² = 0.02/0.08）以及食欲/体重控制（偏η² = 0.02/0.02）相关。
S-VCQ作为测量成年电子烟用户吸电子烟预期的工具，具有可靠的心理测量特性。
本研究为S-VCQ的信效度提供了证据，S-VCQ是首个经验证可用于成年电子烟用户的吸电子烟预期测量工具。结果表明，S-VCQ包含四个分量表，具有内部一致性、对重要感兴趣群体的标量测量不变性以及与吸电子烟结果的效标关系。鼓励研究人员考虑使用该测量工具评估成年电子烟用户的吸电子烟预期。
