Zapata-Diomedi Belen, Herrera Ana Maria Mantilla, Veerman J Lennert
The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
Health Place. 2016 Nov;42:19-29. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.08.010. Epub 2016 Sep 8.
Attributes of the built environment can positively influence physical activity of urban populations, which results in health and economic benefits. In this study, we derived scenarios from the literature for the association built environment-physical activity and used a mathematical model to translate improvements in physical activity to health-adjusted life years and health care costs. We modelled 28 scenarios representing a diverse range of built environment attributes including density, diversity of land use, availability of destinations, distance to transit, design and neighbourhood walkability. Our results indicated potential health gains in 24 of the 28 modelled built environment attributes. Health care cost savings due to prevented physical activity-related diseases ranged between A$1300 to A$105,355 per 100,000 adults per year. On the other hand, additional health care costs of prolonged life years attributable to improvements in physical activity were nearly 50% higher than the estimated health care costs savings. Our results give an indication of the potential health benefits of investing in physical activity-friendly built environments.
建成环境的属性能够对城市居民的身体活动产生积极影响，从而带来健康和经济效益。在本研究中，我们从文献中获取了建成环境与身体活动之间关联的情景，并使用数学模型将身体活动的改善转化为健康调整生命年和医疗保健成本。我们对28种情景进行了建模，这些情景代表了建成环境属性的广泛范围，包括密度、土地利用多样性、目的地可达性、到公共交通的距离、设计以及邻里步行适宜性。我们的结果表明，在28种建模的建成环境属性中，有24种具有潜在的健康益处。因预防与身体活动相关疾病而节省的医疗保健成本为每年每10万成年人1300澳元至105,355澳元不等。另一方面，由于身体活动改善导致寿命延长而产生的额外医疗保健成本比估计的医疗保健成本节省高出近50%。我们的结果表明了投资于有利于身体活动的建成环境的潜在健康益处。
