Gianella Sara, Letendre Scott
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla.
J Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 1;214 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S67-74. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw217.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults who take stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at risk for early onset of age-related diseases. This is likely due to a complex interaction between traditional risk factors, HIV infection itself, and other factors, such as underlying immune dysfunction and persistent inflammation. HIV disrupts the balance between the host and coinfecting microbes, worsening control of these potential pathogens. For example, HIV-infected adults are more likely than the general population to have subclinical bursts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication at mucosal sites. Production of antigens can activate the immune system and stimulate HIV replication, and it could contribute to the pathogenesis of adverse outcomes of aging, like cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive impairment. Further investigation of the relationships between CMV, immune dysfunction, and unsuccessful aging during chronic HIV infection is warranted.
接受稳定抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染成人有患早发性与年龄相关疾病的风险。这可能是由于传统风险因素、HIV感染本身以及其他因素（如潜在的免疫功能障碍和持续性炎症）之间的复杂相互作用所致。HIV破坏了宿主与共感染微生物之间的平衡，加剧了对这些潜在病原体的控制。例如，HIV感染的成年人比一般人群更有可能在黏膜部位出现亚临床巨细胞病毒（CMV）复制爆发。抗原的产生可激活免疫系统并刺激HIV复制，这可能导致衰老不良后果（如心血管疾病和神经认知障碍）的发病机制。有必要进一步研究慢性HIV感染期间CMV、免疫功能障碍和衰老失败之间的关系。
