Gornet Megan E, Bracero Nabal J, Segars James H
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Semin Reprod Med. 2016 Sep;34(5):285-292. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1592312. Epub 2016 Sep 14.
The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in South and Central America has ascended to the forefront of international attention. While research regarding the effects and details surrounding ZIKV in pregnancy is well underway, especially related to blood-borne transmission, less attention has been devoted to ZIKV infection in semen and questions concerning implications of ZIKV infection in men. In this review, we present what is known and unknown, and the implications for localization of ZIKV to the male urogenital system. We examine the duration and viral load of ZIKV in semen, male and female transmission of ZIKV, the asymptomatic male carrier, and the consequences for assisted reproductive technology and sperm banking facilities. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for active ZIKV transmission in the United States as world travel continues to rise and the evolution and case history of ZIKV sexual transmission. We also review the current government-sponsored and reproductive society recommendations for managing sexual transmission of ZIKV and elucidate future research needs.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）在南美洲和中美洲的流行已成为国际关注的焦点。虽然关于ZIKV在孕期的影响及相关细节的研究正在深入进行，尤其是与血源性传播有关的研究，但对于ZIKV在精液中的感染以及ZIKV感染男性所涉及的问题关注较少。在这篇综述中，我们阐述了已知和未知的情况，以及ZIKV在男性泌尿生殖系统中的定位所带来的影响。我们研究了ZIKV在精液中的持续时间和病毒载量、ZIKV的男性和女性传播、无症状男性携带者，以及对辅助生殖技术和精子库设施的影响。此外，随着全球旅行持续增加，我们讨论了美国境内ZIKV主动传播的可能性，以及ZIKV性传播的演变和病例史。我们还回顾了当前政府资助的以及生殖协会针对ZIKV性传播管理的建议，并阐明了未来的研究需求。
